Chapter 3 Vocabulary Terms

5. a carved stone slab or pillar that stands on end.
8. spreading of cultural traits from one region to another.
10. soldiers who fight while riding horses.
11. an independent state that includes a city and its surrounding territory.
13. the belief in more than one god.
14. an idea or way of doing things that is common in a certain culture.
16. art of steering a ship from place to place.
17. a region of the Middle East that stretches in a large, crescent-shaped curve from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea.
19. an independent state that works with other states to achieve a shared military or political goal.
21. a state containing several countries or territories
22. a trading system in which people exchange goods directly without using money.

1. the idea that all members of a society must obey the law.
2. army a permanent army of professional soldiers.
3. pyramid-shaped brick towers used as temples.
4. set of laws that governed life in the Babylonian empire.
6. a wide, flat plain in present-day Iraq.
7. system of writing that uses triangular-shaped symbols to stand for ideas or things.
9. a small set of letters or symbols, each of which stands for a single sound.
12. an area ruled by a distant country.
15. payment made to show loyalty to a stronger power.
18. money that is used as a medium of exchange, usually bills or coins.
20. supply water to