Chapter 4

5. of Qin rule A period during which the Qin Dynasty held power in ancient China.
7. Dynasty A Chinese dynasty known for unifying China under the rule of Qin Shi Huang.
10. A Chinese philosopher whose teachings form the basis of Confucianism.
11. The capital city of the ancient Assyrian Empire.
12. A Chinese philosophical and religious tradition emphasizing living in harmony with the Tao, the fundamental principle of the universe.
15. A legendary figure and the supposed author of the Taoist classic, the Tao Te Ching.
16. One of the few female pharaohs of ancient Egypt.
19. Nebuchadnezzar A prominent ruler of Babylon during the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
20. A military tactic involving digging tunnels to undermine fortifications.

1. Methods of Execution Various brutal methods employed by the ancient Assyrians for punishment and deterrence.
2. Immortals A term used for the elite Persian military unit during the time of the Achaemenid Empire.
3. Analects A collection of teachings and ideas attributed to Confucius.
4. Legacy The cultural and historical impact left by the Persian Empire.
6. An ancient kingdom and people located south of Egypt along the Nile River.
8. A system of government where a single person has absolute power and authority.
9. A Chinese political philosophy advocating strict adherence to laws and the authority of the state.
13. Nebuchadnezzar A prominent ruler of Babylon during the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
14. Warfare Military operations to surround and cut off a city or fortress.
17. A military tactic involving digging tunnels to undermine fortifications.
18. A group of people who invaded and ruled parts of ancient Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.