Across
- 2. Roman emperor from 284 to 305 C.E.;restored later empire by improved administration and tax collection(page 87)
- 4. Along with Doric and Ionian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture, the most ornate of the three styles(page 94)
- 5. name given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra; first emperor of Rome(page 87)
- 6. one of the cities founded by and named for Alexander the Great; site of ancient Mediterranean's greatest library; center of literary studies(page 86)
- 7. Wars from 431 to 404 B.C.E. between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; resulted in Spartan victory but failure to achieve political unification of Greece(page 86)
- 10. Roman general responsible for conquest of Gaul; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic; assassinated in 44 B.C.E. by conservative senators(page 87)
- 11. the balanced constitution of Rome from c. 510 to 47 B.C.E.; featured an aristocratic Senate, a panel of magistrates, and several popular assemblies(page 87)
- 12. Where people participate directly in assemblies that make laws and select leaders, rather than electing represntatives(page 88)
- 15. Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world(page 92)
- 17. originally a Phoenician colony in northern Africa; became a major port and commercial power in the western Mediterranean; fought the Punic Wars with Rome for dominance of the western Mediterranean(page 87)
- 19. Great Carthaginian general during Second Punic War; successfully invaded Italy but failed to conquer Rome; finally defeated at Battle of Zama(page 87)
- 20. one of the pan-Hellenic rituals observed by all Greek city-states; involved athletic competitions and ritual celebrations(page 85)
Down
- 1. that culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquests; often seen as the combination of Greek culture with the eastern political forms(page 86)
- 3. Animist religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death in "House of Song"; chief religion of Persian Empire(page 84)
- 8. fought between Rome and Carthage to establish dominance in the western Mediterranean; won by Rome after three separate conflicts(page 87)
- 9. Athenian political leader during 5th century B.C.E.; guided development of Athenian Empire; died during early stages of Peloponnesian War(page 86)
- 13. established massive Persian Empire by 550 B.C.E.; successor state to Mesopotamian Empires(page 82)
- 14. Roman emperor from 312 to 337 C.E.; established second capital at Constantinople; attempted to use religions force of Christianity to unify empire spiritually(page 87)
- 16. Ruled Macedonia from 359 to 336 B.C.E.; founder of centralized kingdom; later conquered rest of Greece, which was subjected to Macedonian authority(page 86)
- 18. City-state form of government; typical of Greek political organization from 800 to 400 C.E.(page 88)