Across
- 4. An immunological disorder in which the immune system turns against self.
- 9. The adaptive immune response elicited on second or subsequent exposures to a particular antigen. It is more rapid, of greater magnitude, and of longer duration than the primary immune response
- 12. A form of defense common to all animals that is active immediately upon exposure to a pathogen and that is the same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered previously
- 14. A type of white blood cell that mediates immune responses; 2 main types: B and T cells
- 15. A type of lymphocyte that, when activated, kills infected cells as well as certain cancer cells and transplanted cells.
- 16. The branch of adaptive immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids
- 19. A substance that elicits an immune response by binding to receptors of B or T cells
- 20. The most abundant type of white blood cell. They are phagocytic and tend to self- destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days
- 21. A type of T-Cells that when activated, secretes cytokines that promote the response of B cells and cytotoxic T cells to antigens.
- 22. Long-lasting immunity conferred by the action of B cells and T cells and the resulting B and T memory cells specific for a pathogen. Active immunity can develop as a result of natural infection or immunization.
Down
- 1. Short-term immunity conferred by the transfer of antibodies, as occurs in the transfer of maternal antibodies to a fetus or nursing infant.
- 2. A lymphocyte that has undergone clonal selection and is capable of mediating an adaptive immune response
- 3. The initial adaptive immune response to an antigen, which appears after a lag of about 10-17 days
- 4. A cell that upon ingesting pathogens or internalizing pathogen proteins generates peptide fragments that are bound by class II MHC molecules and subsequently displayed on the cell surface to T cells. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells are the cells.
- 5. The class of lymphocytes that mature in the thymus; they include both effector cell for the cell-mediated response and helper cells required for both branches of adaptive immunity
- 6. One of a clone of long-lived lymphocytes, formed during the primary immune response, that remains in a lymphoid organ until activated by exposure to the same antigen that triggered its formation. These activated cells mount the secondary immune response.
- 7. A protein that has antiviral or immune regulatory functions; secreted by T cells, helps activate macrophages
- 8. The branch of adaptive immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells
- 10. A protein secreted by plasma cell (differentiated B cells) that binds to a particular antigen; also called immunoglobulin. All of them have the same y-shaped structure and in their monomer form consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains.
- 11. A phagocyte cell present in many tissues that functions in innate immunity by destroying microbes and in acquired immunity
- 13. The lymphocytes that complete their development in the bone marrow and become effector cells for the humoral immune response
- 17. A vertebrate specific defense that is mediated by B cells and T cells and that exhibits specificity, memory, and self-nonself recognition; also called acquired immunity
- 18. A substance released by most cells that causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable in inflammatory and allergic responses