Across
- 5. An organelle in plant cells that holds materials and helps maintain the cell’s shape through turgor pressure.
- 7. Structures found within the cytoplasm of cells that perform the various functions cells need to stay alive.
- 9. The cellular organelle that processes and packages proteins in preparation for secreting them from a cell.
- 11. Describes a solution whose solute concentration is less than the solute concentration of the cytoplasm in a cell.
- 12. A group of cells that are specialized to perform a particular function.
- 14. Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration of the cytoplasm in a cell.
- 15. A thin layer of phospholipids and proteins that defines the boundary of a cell.
- 16. The structure within cells that helps define their shape, maintains internal organization, and aids in division and movement.
- 17. A cellular signaling mechanism in which the product of a particular process inhibits the process itself.
- 18. The cellular organelle that directs the protein-building process.
- 20. Describes cells lacking a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- 21. An organism consisting of only one cell.
- 25. The non-membrane-bound region in prokaryotic cells that contains most of the genetic material.
- 27. Transports compounds around the cell and helps maintain the cell’s shape; processes fats and breaks down toxic substances in liver cells.
- 28. The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the need for energy.
- 29. (1) Individual organisms of the same species living closely together. (2) A group of cells that live and work together. Unlike in a multicellular organism, cells in a colony may break away and survive on their own.
- 32. A cellular signaling mechanism in which the product of a particular process enhances the process itself.
- 34. A cellular organelle that functions in the organization of microtubules.
- 37. A group of two or more organs that work together to perform a particular function.
- 39. A stack of disk-shaped thylakoids within a chloroplast.
- 40. The genetic material of eukaryotic cells consisting of DNA and associated proteins.
- 42. Describes a solution whose solute concentration is greater than the solute concentration of the cytoplasm in a cell.
- 43. The pressure exerted by water in a full central vacuole upon the cytoplasm and cell membrane of a plant cell; maintains plant rigidity.
Down
- 1. The diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane.
- 2. An organism consisting of two or more cells and whose cells may not live independently apart from the organism.
- 3. One of the fundamental models of biology that states that cells are the smallest form of life, come from preexisting cells, are the basic building blocks of all life forms, and carry out life processes to maintain homeostasis.
- 4. A rigid structure made by cells of plants, fungi, and most bacteria to surround the cell membrane.
- 6. A type of passive transport in which substances can move across a cell membrane through special protein channels embedded in the membrane.
- 8. The cellular organelle in which aerobic respiration takes place to release energy from food.
- 10. (1) The membrane-bound region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material. (2) The central portion of an atom where protons and neutrons are located.
- 13. Extension of the cytoskeleton; often covers an entire cell or a portion of a cell; shorter than flagella; propels the cell through its environment; moves particles past the cell.
- 19. Transports compounds around the cell and helps maintain the cell’s shape; is studded with ribosomes and processes the proteins made by ribosomes.
- 22. The two layers of phospholipids that make a cell membrane.
- 23. A cellular organelle that contains digestive enzymes.
- 24. The internal balance within the systems of living organisms that must be kept stable in order to maintain life. Processes that maintain homeostasis include getting nutrition, expelling wastes, and responding to the environment.
- 26. A non-pigmented cellular organelle found in plant cells whose functions include storing starches, lipids, and proteins.
- 29. A protective coat found outside the cell walls of many bacteria.
- 30. Describes cells having a true nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles.
- 31. A cellular organelle found in plant cells that contains the pigment chlorophyll and is the site where photosynthesis takes place.
- 33. The thick fluid inside cells that contains the organelles. Also called the cytosal.
- 35. A spherical structure within a eukaryotic cell’s nucleus where ribosomes are manufactured.
- 36. A structure made of two or more tissues that work together to perform a particular function.
- 38. The movement of substances across a cell membrane from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration by any means that requires the use of energy.
- 41. A whip-like cellular organelle similar in structure to a cilium but longer and used primarily for movement in many bacteria.