Across
- 4. the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
- 6. the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
- 9. below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness
- 11. the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
- 14. the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously
- 16. analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information
- 17. the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time
- 20. receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or well-lit conditions
- 21. a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
- 22. a tone's highness or lowness; depends on frequency
- 23. hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves
- 27. conversion from one form of energy to another, from stimulus energies to neural impulses
- 29. the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light
- 30. the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
- 32. a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye, controls pupil opening
- 33. retinal receptors that detect black, white and gray, necessary for night vision
- 34. the sharpness of vision
- 35. the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate"that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass to the brain
- 36. the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, where there are no receptor cells
- 37. the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus objects on the retina
- 40. in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, enabling us to sense pitch
- 41. the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
Down
- 1. the principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage to be perceived as different
- 2. a condition in which faraway objects are seen more clearly than near objects
- 3. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
- 5. the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones
- 7. a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation
- 8. the sense of hearing
- 10. the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster
- 12. nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement
- 13. hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
- 14. in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
- 15. the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
- 18. information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
- 19. the principle that one sense may influence another
- 23. diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
- 24. a condition in which nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant objects
- 25. the theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision
- 26. the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
- 28. perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if the color changes
- 31. the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing rods, cones, and neurons
- 38. the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
- 39. the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina