Chapter 5: Subsistence

3. the food acquired can be immediately consumed. Foraging is an immediate return system.
8. and distribute food.
11. subsistence into four broad categories: foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture.
15. economy the work associated with obtaining food for a family or household.
17. the cultivation of domesticated plants and animals using technologies that allow for intensive use of the land.
18. the passage of time between planting and harvest. The opposite is an immediate return system in
19. and led to the emergence of agriculture. Neolithic means “new stone age,” a name referring to the
20. return system techniques for obtaining food that require an investment of work over a period
21. of land in order to support a human population.
23. of subsistence the techniques used by the members of a society to obtain food. Anthropologists
26. for food is characterized by a separation of the producers of goods from the consumers.
28. the cultural norms and attitudes surrounding food and eating.
29. ecology the study of how human cultures have developed over time as a result of interactions with the environment.
30. chain the series of steps a food takes from location where it is produced to the store where

1. Revolution a period of rapid innovation in subsistence technologies that began 10,000 years
2. spectrum diet a diet based on a wide range of food resources.
4. capacity a measurement of the number of calories that can be extracted from a particular
5. system the set of skills, practices, and technologies used by members of a society to
6. dietary diversity and carries the risk of malnutrition compared to a more diverse diet.
7. environment spaces that are human-made, including cultivated land as well as buildings.
9. a subsistence system in which people raise herds of domesticated livestock.
10. a subsistence system based on the small-scale cultivation of crops intended primarily for
12. system a complex economic system through which goods circulate around the globe. The world
13. a subsistence system that relies on wild plant and animal food resources. This system is sometimes called “hunting and gathering.”
14. is sold to consumers
16. tools produced during this time period.
22. direct consumption of the household or immediate community.
24. time before the food becomes available for consumption. Farming is a delayed return system due
25. crops foods that form the backbone of the subsistence system by providing the majority of the
27. the reliance on a single plant species as a food source. Mono-cropping leads to
30. a society consumes.