Across
- 1. Late 1800s term for Catholic and Jewish immigrants from southern and eastern Europe (in contrast to immigrants from northern and western Europe)
- 9. Private security agency established in 1850; Abe Lincoln hired them for security long before the US Secret Service was established for that purpose
- 15. Industrial lockout and strike at a Carnegie steel mill in Pennsylvania that included a pitched battle between strikers and private security agents
- 17. Inner circle at Tammany Hall including Boss Tweed, the mayor, and more, who submitted bills for a variety of schemes to make themselves rich
- 19. German-born American political cartoonist; most prominent critic of "Boss" Tweed and the Tammany Hall Democratic party political machine
- 20. First major labor union in the US; organized workers regardless of race or gender, to form a society in which workers owned all industries
- 22. Large railroad strike and boycott that halted rail traffic in the Midwest region of the US
Down
- 2. Workers’ union that stressed concern with working conditions, pay and control over jobs, relegating political goals to a minor role
- 3. Agreement between the US and Japan where the US would not allow discriminatory laws against the Japanese and Japan would limit emigration to the US
- 4. Violent clash between police and protesters in Chicago in which 7 policemen died; 7 protest leaders were convicted and 4 were executed
- 5. Federal law prohibiting trusts, monopolies, and cartels; outlawed business practices that restrained trade and created monopolies
- 6. Immigrants who came to the US between 1810 and 1850. Similar in background to earlier migrants and came mostly from northern and western Europe
- 7. First major rail strike; violence associated with the strikes paralyzed the economy; states mobilized militia members to reopen rail traffic
- 8. Organization that represents employees in dealings with employers on matters like wages, benefits, work hours, and other factors of employment
- 10. Democratic political machine in New York that controlled city and state politics; its leaders were corrupt and stole millions of dollars
- 11. Immigration station in San Francisco Bay which operated from 1910 to 1940; chiefly processed Asian immigrants; harsher than Ellis Island
- 12. Issues of immediate concern to a union’s members, such as reducing hours and raising wages
- 13. First major law restricting immigration into the US; suspended Chinese immigration for years
- 14. Party organization, headed by a boss, that controls enough votes in a region to exert control over a city, county, or state
- 16. Immigration station located between New York and New Jersey, it processed mostly European immigrants
- 18. Leader of Tammany Hall who controlled New York politics; suspected of stealing millions in taxpayer money before finally being jailed
- 21. American socialist, activist, trade unionist, founding member of the IWW; radicalized while in prison due to the Pullman Strike