Across
- 4. the energy levels contained within a principal energy level
- 6. states that each electron occupies the lowest energy level available
- 7. the arrangement of electrons in an atom, which is prescribed by three rules
- 8. a particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy
- 14. an atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves; also called the wave mechanical model of the atom
- 16. states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals
- 17. the lowest allowable energy state of an atom
- 18. predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics and relates each particle's wavelength to its frequency, its mass, and Planck's constant
- 19. the major energy levels of an atom
- 20. the electrons in an atom's outermost orbitals; determine the chemical properties of an element
- 21. consists of an element's symbol, representing the atomic nucleus and inner-level electrons, that is surrounded by dots, representing the atom's valence electrons
- 22. a three-dimensional region around the nucleus of an atom that describes an electron's probable location
Down
- 1. a set of frequencies of electromagnetic waves given off by atoms of an element; consists of a series of fine lines of individual colors
- 2. effect a phenomenon in which photo-electrons are emitted from a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface
- 3. includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation, with the only differences in the types of radiation being their frequencies and wavelength
- 5. n, which the quantum mechanical model assigns to indicate the relative sizes and energies of atomic orbitals
- 9. states that it is not possible to know precisely both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time
- 10. the number of waves that pass a given point per second
- 11. states that a maximum of two electrons may occupy a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins
- 12. the shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave; is usually expressed in meters, centimeters, or nanometers
- 13. the height of a wave from the origin to a crest, or from the origin to a trough
- 14. the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
- 15. a form of energy exhibiting wavelike behavior as it travels through space; can be described by wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed includes visible light, microwaves, X rays, and radio waves