Across
- 3. A process in which a system releases heat to its surroundings
- 8. A property of a system that is determined by its state or condition and not by how it got to that state; its value is fixed when temperature, pressure, composition, and physical form are specified
- 12. A unit of energy, it is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C from 14.5 °C to 15.5 °C
- 13. The movement of an object against some force
- 14. A quantity defined by the relationship H = E + PV; the enthalpy change, ΔH, for a reaction that occurs at constant pressure is the heat evolved or absorbed in the reaction: ΔH = qp
- 15. A process in which a system absorbs heat from its surroundings
- 16. The change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a substance form its elements, with all substances in their standard states
- 21. The capacity to do work or to transfer heat
- 22. The flow of energy from a body
- 23. Study of energy and its transformations
- 24. The heat capacity of 1 g of a substance; the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 °C
- 26. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a sample of matter by 1 °C (or 1 K)
- 28. In thermodynamics, the portion of the universe that we single out for study. We must be careful to state exactly what the system contains and what transfers of energy it may have with its surroundings
Down
- 1. In thermodynamics, everything that lies outside the system that we study
- 2. The energy that an object possesses as a result of its composition or its position with respect to another object
- 3. The enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of a substance from the most stable forms of its component elements
- 4. Work performed by expansion of a gas against a resisting pressure
- 5. The change in enthalpy in a process when all reactants and products are in their stable forms at 1 atm pressure and a specified temperature, commonly 25 °C
- 6. The energy that an object possesses by virtue of its motion
- 7. A statement that energy is conserved in any process. One way to express the law is that the change in internal energy, ΔE, of a system in any process is equal to the heat, q, added to the system, plus the work, w, done on the system by its surroundings: ΔE = q + w
- 9. A push or a pull
- 10. The SI unit of energy, 1 kg-m^2/s^2
- 11. The enthalpy change associated with a chemical reaction
- 17. The relationship between chemical reactions and energy changes
- 18. The law stating that heat evolved in a given process can be expressed as the sum of the heats of several processes that, when added, yield the process of interest
- 19. The heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by 1 °C
- 20. The total energy possessed by a system. When a system undergoes a change, the change in internal energy, ΔE, is defined as the heat, q, added to the system, plus the work, w, done on the system by its surrounding: ΔE = q + w
- 25. The experimental measurement of heat produced in chemical and physical processes
- 27. An apparatus that measure the heat released or absorbed in a chemical or physical process