Chapter 2 - Anatomy & Physiology

Edit Answers

Across

5. the three muscles of the ear that work together to move the ear upward, forward, or backward
8. affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip
10. part of the nervous system that connects parts of the body to the central nervous system
11. muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing
12. a specialized connective tissue which gives smoothness and contour to the body
15. hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones
17. this movement separates the fingers
21. fluid part of the blood and lymph that carries food and secretions to the cells and CO2 from the cells
22. nerve that affects skin between the eyes and upper side of the nose
23. a connection between two or more bones of the skeleton
25. a fluid composed of changing components in the interstitial fluid as it circulates throughout the body, dispersing white blood cells and cell nutrients while absorbing toxins and waste
26. a flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones held together by ligaments
29. when muscles rotate; for example, in the forearm, the radius turns outward and the palm upward
30. a form of hyperpigmentation that appears as patches of brown pigmentation due to hormonal imbalances
31. automatic reaction to a stimulus; involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord
34. chemical process of changing food into forms the body can use as energy
37. blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transport CO2 from the cells back to the lungs
40. inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached to the wrist on the side of the little finger
42. nerve that effects the skin of the lower lip and chin
46. also known as ductless glands; release hormones into the blood stream
47. circulation of blood from the heart throughout the body and back again to the heart
50. glands that regulate calcium and phosphorus levels so the muscular and nervous system can function properly
51. area or region between the eyebrows
52. nerve affecting the membrane and skin of the nose
55. smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb
59. an organ that contributes to keeping the body in homeostasis by secreting chemicals, including hormones, into the bloodstream
60. arteries that supply blood to the face, head, and neck
62. the transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system
63. also known as palm
65. thin-walled blood vessels that carry impure blood from the various capillaries back to the heart and lungs
67. the thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw
68. a group of complex proteins produced by living cells that acts as catalysts in specific chemical reactions in the body
69. bone that forms the sides of the eye socket
71. muscle that draws the corners of the mouth out and back when grinning
73. muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm
74. this movement draws the fingers together
77. bone forming the forehead
78. tissue that covers and protects body surfaces such as the skin, mucous membranes, and lining of the heart
80. when muscles pull the body part toward the core of the body
84. smallest, most fragile, thin bones located in the front inside wall of the eye sockets
85. organs that eliminate water and waste products
86. also known as duct glands; sweat and oil glands belong in this group
90. oval, bony case that protects the brain
91. located in the abdominal cavity; a nerve of the autonomic nervous system
92. a sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand
93. a sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, affects the little finger side of the arm and palm of the hand
96. a cell structure that takes in nutrients and breaks them down into ATP (energy)
98. bones that form the sides and top of the cranium
100. collection of similar cells that perform a particular function
102. bone joining the sternum and scapula
106. also known as the accessory nerve
108. glands that are located at the top of the kidneys assisting in the regulation of metabolism, stress response, and blood pressure
110. breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means
116. when muscles turn inward; when the palm faces downward
117. the bones in the fingers, totaling 14 bones
118. when muscles straighten; when the wrist, hand, and fingers form a straight line
119. circulation of the blood from the heart to the lungs
120. part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell
121. colorless, jelly-like substance in cells
122. also known as the chest; consists of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae

Down

1. this nerve affects the muscles of the mouth
2. U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue
3. muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows
4. fluid within the nucleus of the cell
6. the muscle extending alongside of the neck from the ear to the collarbone; acts to rotate the head from side to side and up and down
7. consists of major and minor muscles extending from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth that elevates the lip, as in laughing
9. gland found in the center of the head affecting almost every physiologic process of the body: growth, blood pressure, contractions during childbirth, etc.
11. large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint
13. muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back; stabilizes the scapula and shrugs the shoulders
14. the study of the human body's structure
16. vein located at the side of the neck carrying blood returning to the heart
18. also known as the shoulder blade; one of a pair of large, flat, triangular bones of the shoulder
19. the body's largest artery
20. muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, depresses the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose
21. study of the functions of activities that are performed by the body's structures
24. also known as a nerve cell
27. also known as thrombocytes; contributes to the blood-clotting process
28. involuntary muscle function that moves food along the digestive tract
32. elimination of feces from the body
33. nerve that affects the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp
35. nerve that affects the upper part of the face
36. also known as the trifacial or trigeminal nerve; chief sensory nerve of the face
38. nerves that carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain, where sensations of the five senses are experienced
39. one of the muscles involved in mastication (chewing)
41. two-part muscle that covers the nose
43. tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body
44. breathing outward; expelling CO2 from the lungs
45. also known as malar bones or cheekbones; bones that form the prominence of the cheeks
48. capable of being dissolved or liquefied
49. tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins
53. also known as breastbone; the flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs
54. nerve affecting the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip, and mouth
56. responsible for changing food into nutrients; also called digestive system
57. small vessels that connect the capillaries to the veins
58. muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm
61. a broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and includes the occipitalis and the frontalis
62. thick-walled muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood
64. point where the skeletal muscle is attached to a bone or other more movable body part
66. small structures within a cell that have their own function
70. also known as the depressor anguli oris; the muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corners of the mouth
72. a fluid that bathes and surrounds cells, supplying nutrients and a method of removing cell waste
73. the middle part of the muscle
75. nerves that carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands
76. sensory nerve endings located close to the surface of the skin
79. broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin
81. secretes enzyme-producing cells responsible for digesting carbohydrates; islet of Langerhans cells within control insulin and glucagon production
82. nerve that affects the skin of the forehead, scalp, eyebrow, and upper eyelid
83. nerve, smaller than the ulnar and radial nerves, that supplies the arm and hand
87. light, spongey bone in between the eye sockets
88. also known as microscopic anatomy; study of the structure and composition of tissue
89. sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies impulses to the fingers
94. gland located in the neck that secretes hormones that regulate the body's metabolism, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development, and maintenance of bone mass; needs iodine to function properly
95. muscle that draws the scalp backward
97. muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin
99. bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region
101. bones that form the upper jaw
103. uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder
104. nutritive fluid circulating through the cardiovascular system
105. one of the muscles that coordinates with the temporalis to facilitate chewing
107. facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically
109. also known as the facial nerve; the chief motor nerve of the face
111. lower jawbone; the largest and strongest bone of the face
112. the part of the muscle that does not move
113. back of the neck
114. gland that is located in the brain and plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism
115. male organs that produce the male hormone testosterone