Chapter 6

6. effect The observation that the act of taking a test is actually an excellent way to boost long-term recall for academic material.
7. The information that people believe about themselves, including factual information, as well as knowledge of one’s own social behavior, personality, and attitudes.
8. In the levels-of-processing approach to memory, rich processing emphasizing the meaning of a particular concept and relating the concept to prior knowledge and interconnected concepts already mastered.
9. Silently repeating the information to be learned
10. When learning new material, the situation in which the learner distributes her or his practice over time; this learning strategy is more effective than massed learning.

1. A kind of metacognition that refers to one’s knowledge, monitoring, and control of memory.
2. When learning new material, the situation in which the learner practices the material all at the same time, by “cramming”; this learning strategy is less effective than spaced learning.
3. In the levels-of-processing approach to memory the situation in which one memory trace is different from all other memory traces.
4. Mental strategies designed to improve memory.
5. A memory strategy in which the learner arranges items in a series of classes, from the most general classes to the most specific.