Across
- 4. _____________ reinforcement; An increase in a behavior due to the observer witnessing the model being reinforced for that behavior
- 8. A consequence that increases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated
- 9. The process by which random behaviors are gradually changed into a desired target behavior
- 10. A form of learning that involves making connections between stimuli and behavioral responses; ___________ learning
- 12. ___________ punishment; The removal of a positive stimulus, leading to a decrease in the frequency of a behavior
- 13. ________ neurons; Neurons that are active both when performing an action and when the same actions are observed in others
- 14. ____________ stimulus; A stimulus that produces a reflexive response without prior learning
- 15. The initial learning of an association between the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli during classical conditioning
- 16. ___________ recovery; The reappearance of an extinct behavior after a delay. Some learning may never be completely forgotten, but is simply suppressed
- 17. The species-specific biological predisposition to learn some associations more quickly than other associations
- 20. ___________ transmission; The transmission of skills within the same generation, such as among peers
Down
- 1. Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not similar stimuli, thus preventing overgeneralizations
- 2. ___________ conditioning; An active form of learning by which an association is made between a stimulus (e.g., a shock) and a voluntary response (e.g., a press of a button). Behaviors must be performed to get or avoid something
- 3. _______________ conditioning; A form of operant conditioning in which a behavior is learned because it was coincidentally reinforced, but has no actual relationship with reinforcement
- 5. _____ Doll study; Preschool children observed an adult behaving aggressively toward a large inflatable doll. After they watched this video, the children’s behavior was recorded. Children mimicked the adult’s aggressive behavior without any instruction to do so
- 6. Fixed-________ schedule; A reinforcement schedule based on a fixed amount of time before an award is given
- 7. The purposeful copying of a goal-directed behavior
- 11. Classical ___________; A passive form of learning by which an association is made between a reflex-eliciting stimulus (e.g., a shock) and other stimuli (e.g., a sound). A reflexive action becomes associated with the new stimulus
- 18. A consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated
- 19. ___________ reinforcement; The presentation of a positive stimulus, leading to an increase in the frequency of a behavior