Chapter 7

4. deviance in which an individual's life and identity are organized around breaking society's norms
5. a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent
10. punishment intended to make criminals pay monetary compensation to make up for the financial damage caused by their acts
11. an undesirable label that is used to deny a deviant social acceptance
14. rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to social norms
16. discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment
19. the process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization
20. a repetition of or return to criminal behavior
21. a method of protecting society from criminals by keeping them in prison
22. an act committed in violation of the law
23. deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person's lifestyle or self-concept

1. a system comprising institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes
2. behavior that under conforms to accepted norms
3. Merton's theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve them
6. the theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to the number of deviant acts and norms in which they are exposed
7. the theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society
8. ways to encourage conformity to society's norms
9. behavior that over-conforms to social expectations
12. the process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status
13. the theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant
15. job-related crimes committed by high-status people
17. a repayment; a deserved punishment
18. a person who breaks significant societal or group norms