Chapter 7

2. process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization
8. a method of protecting society from criminals by keeping them in prison
10. behavior that over-conforms to social expectations
14. job-related crimes committed by high-status people
18. the process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status
20. a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent
22. deviance in which an individual's life and identity are organized around breaking society's norms
23. discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment
24. a system comprising institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes

1. rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to social norms
3. behavior that departs from societal group norms
4. the theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society
5. the theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to the number of deviant acts and norms in which they are exposed
6. ways to encourage conformity to society's norms
7. involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person's lifestyle or self-concept
9. punishment intended to make criminals pay monetary compensation to make up for the financial damage caused by their acts
11. an undesirable label that is used to deny a deviant social acceptance
12. Merton's theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve them
13. a repetition of or return to criminal behavior
15. a repayment; a deserved punishment
16. an act committed in violation of the law
17. a person who breaks significant societal or group norms
19. behavior that under conforms to accepted norms
21. the theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant