Across
- 2. An unpaired medial dermal bone in the teeth of fishes and lower tetrapods
- 3. Ribs that meet ventrally with the sternum
- 6. The use of rapid, projected and sticky tongue to capture prey in most amphibians and lizards
- 10. Term means “cut-up spine”
- 12. Fused cranial components surrounding and encasing the brain
- 14. Method of capturing pray, a sudden vacuum to gulp in water carrying the intended food
- 16. Consist of ribs and sternal elements that embrace the viscera
- 18. Bones that expands into large swollen capsule that houses the middle ear ossicle in most eutherians
- 21. If a joint passes through dermatocranium behind the eye, the skull exhibits ________.
- 22. Projections that extend posteriorly from proximal rib segments, offer sites of attachment for respiratory and shoulder muscles
- 24. In suction feeding in water it is a flow where excess water entering the mouth must reverse its flow to exit via the mouth due to absence of gill slit
- 29. Have a prominent element called hyoman dibula
- 31. Supports the brain and is formed of endochondrial bone or cartilage or both
- 32. Having one centra per segment
- 33. Most ancient part of skull
- 37. Offers site of origin for chest muscles
- 38. Centra with flat ends suited to receive and distribute compressive forces within the vertebral column
- 39. Dermal plates of the head that were thick and tightly joined into a unit
- 40. Found only in mammals, they reside between successive surfaces of adjacent centra
Down
- 1. Derived set of skeletal elements posterior to sternum, also called abdominal ribs
- 4. It was used as the major criterion to define tetrapod taxa
- 5. Provide sites for secure muscle attachment, help suspend the body, forms ribcage and sometimes serve as accessory breathing devices
- 7. Movement between the upper jaw and the braincase about joints between them
- 8. Equivalent term of chondrocranium
- 9. Method of capturing prey, by which the animal rapidly grasps the prey with its jaw
- 11. Vertebral condition of tetrapods wherein all vertebral elements in a segment are fused into a single piece
- 13. Generally applies to any process extending from the centrum or the neural arch
- 15. Joining the rims of adjacent centra
- 17. Composite bony plate forming the floor of the shell within turtles
- 19. Functional arch of jaw, the largest and most anterior series of arches
- 20. Process of chewing the food before swallowing it
- 23. Swedish palaeontologist that proposed composite theory
- 25. Also known as ventral rib head
- 26. Only two sets of the teeth erupt during the life time of a mammal (milk teeth and permanent teeth)
- 27. includes vertebral column, limbs, girdles and ribsand shells
- 28. Centra that is a bear saddle-shaped articular surfaces at the both ends, common in turtles that retract their necks and in cervical vertebrae of birds
- 30. Chain of cartilaginous elements
- 34. Massive flight muscle that arise from large sternum that bears prominent ventral keel in flying birds
- 35. Ribs that have two heads that joints with the vertebrae
- 36. Branchial arches that supports the mouth