Across
- 1. another name for surface-active agents
- 4. any compound that decreases the tension between molecules lying on the surface of a liquid
- 5. an agar-diffusion test to determine microbial susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents; also called Kirby-Bauer test
- 8. techniques used in surgery to prevent microbial contamination of the patient
- 10. any treatment used on inanimate objects to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms; a chemical used is called a disinfectant
- 13. excited gases used for sterilizing
- 16. the process of sterilizing an inoculating loop by holding it in an open flame
- 18. the removal of microorganisms in an area; also called degermination
- 19. one of the following elements: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine
- 20. short-wavelength radiation that does not cause ionization; ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an example
- 21. abbreviated UHT; a method of treating food with high temperatures for very short times to make the food sterile so that it can be stored at room temperature
- 24. also called carbolic acid
- 29. phenolic that contains two phenol groups connected by a bridge
- 33. a solution in aqueous alcohol
- 34. the ability of small amounts of a heavy metal compound to exert antimicrobial activity
- 37. the absence of contamination by unwanted organisms
- 38. electromagnetic radiation with wavelength between 0.1m and 0.001m
- 40. a combination of iodine and an organic molecule, from which the iodine is released slowly
- 41. a screen-like material with pores small enough to retain microorganisms; a 0.45 micrometer filter retains most bacteria
- 42. the presence of a toxin or pathogenic organism in blood and tissue
- 44. sterilization by the use of an oven at 170 degrees Celsius for approximately 2 hours
- 45. a chemical method for disinfection of the skin or mucous membranes; the chemical is called an antiseptic
- 46. a method of determining the effectiveness of a disinfectant using serial dilutions
- 47. a carcinogen formed by the combination of nitrite and amino acids
Down
- 2. an organic molecule with the functional group with a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydrogen
- 3. the process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens
- 6. high-energy radiation with a wavelength less than 1 nm; causes ionization; X-rays and gamma rays are examples
- 7. also called quats; a cationic detergent with four organic groups attached to a central nitrogen atom; used as a disinfectant
- 9. abbreviated HEPA; a screen-like material that removes particles larger than 0.3 micrometers from air
- 11. a process of treating canned goods aimed at destroying the endospores of Clostridium botulinum
- 12. abbreviated HTST; pasteurizing at 72 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds
- 14. equipment for sterilization by steam under pressure, usually operated at 15 psi and 121 degrees Celsius
- 15. a substance capable of killing microorganisms
- 17. abbreviated TDT; the length of time required to kill all bacteria in a liquid culture at a given temperature
- 22. a derivative of phenol used as a disinfectant
- 23. a sterilizing agent
- 25. abbreviated TDP; the temperature required to kill all the bacteria in a liquid culture in 10 minutes
- 26. a treatment capable of inhibiting bacterial growth
- 27. an organic molecule with the functional group -OH
- 28. different methods that have the same effect on controlling microbial growth
- 30. the removal of microbes from eating utensils and food preparing areas
- 31. abbreviated DRT; the time (in minutes) required to kill 90% of bacterial population at a given temperature; also called D value
- 32. a class of oxidizing-type sterilizing disinfectants
- 35. heat resistant
- 36. the removal of water
- 39. also called a biocide; a substance capable of killing microorganisms
- 43. the removal of all microorganisms, including endospores