Across
- 3. A single or double surface produced primarily within the basioccipital but with contributions from the exoccipitals in some species
- 4. Runs across the top of the skull and covers the brain beneath
- 6. Forms deep within the body from mesoderm and other sources, not directly from the integument
- 7. The mechanical breakdown of a large bolus of food into smaller pieces, usually with the teeth; chewing of food
- 12. A kinetic skull with two joints passing transversely through the braincase
- 14. Part of the skull arising first to support the pharyngeal slits and later contributing to the jaws and other structures of the head
- 15. Refers literally, to movement within the skull
- 16. Is formed from or within the integument, the dermis giving rise to bone and the epidermis to keratin
- 17. Includes the vertebral column, limbs, girdles, and associated structures, such as ribs and shells
- 19. Large notches in the bony braincase
- 20. The internal naris; the openings of the nasal passage into the mouth
- 22. A joint permitting considerable rotation of articulated skeletal elements, and characterized by a joint capsule, synovial membrane, and articular cartilages on joined elements; synovial joint
- 24. Part of the skull formed from dermal bones
- 25. Gives the vertebrate body shape, supports its weight, offers a system of levers, and protects soft parts such as nerves, blood vessels, and other viscera
- 27. Part of the skull formed by endochondral bone or cartilage that underlies and supports the brain; also includes the fused or associated nasal capsules
- 31. The capture of prey with the tongue
- 32. A large hole through which the spinal cord runs
- 33. Is the largest and most medial of the dermal bones of the primary palate
- 34. Skull movement via a transverse hinge that lies posterior between the deep neurocranium and outer dermatocranium
- 35. Skull movement via a transverse joint passing through the dermatocranium posterior to the ocular orbit
- 36. The hypothesis that jaws evolved from one of the anterior branchial arches
- 37. The middle ear bone of mammals derived phylogenetically from the quadrate
- 38. Is composed of soft tissues, permitting independent movement of each mandible
Down
- 1. A depression within the temporal bone of the braincase
- 2. Refers to skull movement via a transverse joint that passes through the dermatocranium anterior to the ocular orbit
- 5. Is formed from the fusion of various bones in different species but usually includes the hyomandibula, various pterygoids, and quadrate
- 8. Is the anterior tooth-bearing part of the dentary
- 9. Is the region between the nasal capsules formed by the fusion of the anterior tips of trabeculae
- 10. A method by which the animal rapidly grasps the prey with its jaws
- 11. A collective term that refers to the fused cranial components immediately surrounding and encasing the brain.
- 13. A skull lacking cranial kinesis, that is, movable joints between skull bones
- 18. Takes its name from the nasolacrimal duct of tetrapods that passes through or near this bone
- 21. Is a ventral derivative of the splanchnocranium behind the jaws
- 22. A pattern of tooth replacement involving only two sets of teeth, usually milk teeth and permanent teeth
- 23. Part of the braincase that contains cavities for the brain and associated sensory capsules
- 25. The capture of prey by means of a sudden muscular expansion of the buccal cavity that creates a vacuum to draw in water carrying the prey
- 26. Skull movement via a single transverse joint passing through the braincase
- 28. An opening within the bony braincase
- 29. The hypothesis that jaws evolved from several fused anterior branchial arches
- 30. The earliest jawed condition