Chapter 7: The Nervous System

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Across

4. the rough ER
7. a pea sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormone like substance in some mammals
10. the state of an unstimulated neuron or muscle cell in which the inside of the cell is relatively negative in comparison to the outside; the resting state
11. intermediate filaments that are important in maintaining cell shape
14. a peripheral nerve ending specialized for response t particular types of stimuli
15. the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
16. a cone like region of the cell body from which an axon rises
20. Processes and interprets the sensory input and decided what should be done at each moment
21. paired lobes of the brain at the top of the head that is responsible for reception and correlation
22. an outward fold of the surface of the cerebral cortex
23. nerves containing the processes of motor and sensory neurons; their impulses travel to and from the central nervous system
24. the gaps or indentions between the myelin sheath
26. the deepest depressions or inward folds on the brain
28. The gathered information from changes in stimuli
31. the twelve pairs of nerves that arise from the brain
32. weblike; specifically the weblike middle layer of the three meninges
35. a nerve carrying impulses from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland
36. a receptor located in a muscle or tendon; concerned with locomotion, posture, and muscle tone
39. a group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system
40. carrying to or toward a center
42. a system of nerves that connects the outlying parts of the body with the central nervous system
43. fibers that vary in length from microscopic to about seven feet in the tallest humans
44. one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system and serves to slow the heart rate, increase intestinal and glandular activity and relax sphincter muscles
45. restoration of the membrane potential to the initial resting state
48. the metabolic center of the neuron
50. white substance of the central nervous system; the myelinated nerve fibers
51. hundreds to thousands of branches that split off at the terminal end of an axon
55. the two parts of the brain that make up the cerebrum
56. the fluid produced by choroid plexuses; fills the ventricles and surrounds the central nervous system
61. cells that form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers that are found in the PNS
64. one very large fiber tract that connect the cerebral hemispheres
65. a mechanism that inhibits passage of materials from the blood into brain tissues
67. a delicate connective tissue sheath surrounding each fiber in a nerve
73. a highly specialized nerve cell to transmit messages from one part of the body to the other
74. an electrical event occurring when the stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity
76. the most inferior part of the brain stem
77. when CSF begins to accumulate and exert pressure on the brain
79. a neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell
82. a collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the vertebral canal
83. the gray area of the central nervous system; contains unmyelinated nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies
84. a simple tube in which the CNS first appears, it extends down the dorsal median plane of the developing embryo's body
85. a neuron which has a single process emerging from the cell body
86. the system that effects, or causes a response by activating muscles or glands
88. the part of the forebrain between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain including the thalamus, the third ventricle, and the hypothalamus
89. a tough, fibrous sheath that binds together the fascicles in a nerve
90. spider like phagocytes that monitor the health or nearby neurons, and dispose of debris, including dead brain cells and bacteria
91. the region of communication between neurons, or a neuromuscular junction between a neuron and a muscle cell
92. the automatic response to a stimulus

Down

1. the portion of the brain consisting of the medulla, pons, and midbrain
2. part of the hindbrain; involved in producing smoothly coordinated skeletal muscle activity
3. completes the pathway between afferent and efferent neurons; also called an association neuron
5. the thirty one pairs of nerves that arise from the spinal cord
6. neurons that have two processes- an axon and a dendrite
8. system of the brain that supports a variety of function including emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction
9. the non-neuronal tissue of the central nervous system that preforms supportive and other functions
12. one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system and serves to decrease the tone and contractility of smooth muscle
13. the part of the brain that is responsible for olfactory senses
17. a specialized critical area in the brain that is involved in our ability to speak
18. forms the roof of the third ventricle
19. the innermost membrane of the brain and spinal cord
25. the loss of a state of polarity; the loss of a negative charge inside the plasma membrane
27. a nerve that contains processes of sensory neurons and carries nerve impulses to the central nervous system
29. the area of the brain responsible for olfactory senses
30. the neuroendocrine gland located beneath the brain that serves a variety of function including regulator of the gonads, thyroid, adrenal cortex, water balance, and lactation
31. the part of the brain that is responsible for speech, memory, logical and emotional responses as a well as consciousness, interpretation of sensation, and voluntary movement
33. CNS gial cell that line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord
34. consists of the brain and spinal cord
37. sensory receptors located in the skin
38. a white, fatty lipid substance
41. a bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue
46. the brain area connecting the medulla with the midbrain, providing linkage between upper and lower levels of the central nervous system
47. carrying away or away from
49. the interval between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater
52. bundles of nerve fibers running through the CNS
53. the area of the brain that is responsible for consciously moving our skeletal muscles
54. neural pathway for reflexes
57. discharging chambers of the heart
58. cell bodies that are found in the CNS in clusters
59. if there are several processes extending from the cell body the neuron is a
60. the outermost and toughest of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
61. a furrow on the brain, less deep than a fissure
62. the region of the diencephalon forming the floor of the third ventricle of the brain
63. CNS gial cell that wraps their flat nerve extensions tightly around the nerve fibers, producing fatty insulating coverings called myelin sheaths
66. cells located in the PNS that act as protective, cushioning cells
68. reflexes that regulate the activity of smooth muscles, the heart, and glands
69. a mass of gray matter in the diencephalon of the brain
70. nervous system that allows us to consciously, or voluntarily control our skeletal muscles
71. coarse connective tissue wrapping that binds groups of fibers in a nerve, forming fascicles, or fiber bundles
72. all reflexes hat stimulate the skeletal muscles
75. neuron processes that convey incoming messages towards the cell body
78. the largest part of the brain; consists of the right and left cerebral hemispheres
79. nervous system that regulates events that are automatic, or involuntary, such as the activity of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands
80. the part of the schwann cell, external to the myelin sheath
81. a CNS glia that clings to neurons, bracing and anchoring them to their nutrient supply lines, the blood capillaries
87. bundles of nerve fibers running through the PNS