Across
- 3. Drafted by James Madison, the resolution argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional because they infringed upon individual rights and states' rights. Madison also asserted that states could nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.
- 4. Signed in 1795, an agreement between the US and numerous Native American tribes, which settled territorial disputes in the Northwest Territory following the Northwest Indian War.
- 5. July 1794! Farmers in western Pennsylvania protested against a federal tax on whiskey highlighting tensions between rural communities and the federal government.
- 6. This became a significant issue with the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 and 1799. In their resolutions, Jefferson and Madison argued that if the federal government passed a law that was unconstitutional, the states had the right to nullify (or refuse to enforce) that law within their own borders. They believed that the states, as parties to the Constitution, had the power to determine whether a federal law was in line with the Constitution.
- 8. Laws passed in 1798. Allowed the federal government to deport foreign nationals and criminalize speech that was critical of the government. Federalists and John Adams loved these acts.
- 11. Responsible for the administration of military affairs and the management of the Army during times of war from its establishment in 1789 until it was recognized into the Department of Defense in 1947.
- 13. Signed in 1795 between the United States and Spain granted America navigation rights on the Mississippi River and defined the boundary between the U.S and Spanish territories.
- 14. Colloquially "the press" or the "press gang", is a type of conscription of people into a military force. The Royal Navy impressed many US merchant sailors. People liable to _________ were "eligible men of seafaring habits between the ages of 18 and 55 years".
- 15. A governmental agency responsible for managing a country’s finances including the collection of taxes (revenue), issuance of currency, and the management (ideally payback) of public debt with a historical role dating back to its formation in the United States in 1789.
- 16. Senior government officials responsible for managing specific departments and advising the president.
- 17. A diplomatic incident between the United States and France that occurred during the Federalist Era. Short story: American envoys (diplomats) negotiated a peace agreement to stop French attacks on American ships. But first, France was asking for money (a bribe) just to talk, which led to a breakdown in relations between. This affair contributed to rising tensions, eventually leading to the Quasi-War, an undeclared naval conflict between us and France.
- 18. A time period in American history from the late 1780s to the early 1800s defined by: Washington’s presidency, an economic plan for the US (Hamilton’s), political parties, and foreign affairs challenges.
- 19. A geographical region of the United States established after the American Revolution encompassing land that would later become the states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota.
- 20. Debt securities issued by a government to finance public projects and expenditures to raise cash while providing investors with a secure and steady return on investment. Hamilton loved them.
Down
- 1. An agreement signed in 1794 between the US and Great Britain that aimed to resolve issues that remained after the American Revolutionary War. Ex: GB agreed to vacate the NW Territory (today’s Midwest).
- 2. Jefferson argued that the federal government had no authority to enact the Alien and Sedition Acts because they violated the First Amendment's protections for free speech and press. Simultaneously, Jefferson articulated the concept of nullification.
- 7. U.S. government agency that is responsible for handling the country’s foreign affairs and international relations.
- 9. A law in U.S history that established the process for granting citizenship to immigrants, initially allowing only free white immigrants to become citizens after a period of residency.
- 10. A meeting of members of each US political party who choose candidates for upcoming national elections.
- 12. Head of the Judicial Branch of the United States (Article 3 USC), responsible for presiding over Supreme Court proceedings, and leading the Supreme Court in interpreting the Constitution and constitutionality of federal laws. States have their own such court.