Chapter 8

2. Peasant bound to the lord’s land.
5. Exclusion from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey Church laws.
11. Exchange of pledges between lords and vassals.
12. A lord who was granted land in exchange for loyalty and service to a greater lord.
13. Having to do with worldly, rather than religious, matters.
14. Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests.

1. Middle Ages in Europe.
3. New class of people, including merchants, traders, artisans – who stood between peasants and nobles.
4. An estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service.
6. Code of conduct for knights.
7. A written document that set out the rights and privileges of a town.
8. Wandering poet.
9. Prejudice against Jews.
10. A lord’s estate, which included one or more villages and the surrounding lands.
13. Sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church.