Across
- 1. Based on a managed care model with the goal of reducing costs and improving choice and quality, these plans allow participants to sign up with a private insurance plan that manages their Medicare Parts A and B services (e.g., optometry, prescriptions). Medicare pays the private insurance company a fixed amount so the participants do not have to pay extra for this coverage. ~1/3 of Medicare participants are also enrolled in these plans.
- 3. These long-term care services offer multiple housing and service options available on a single campus. Also called CCRC.
- 5. Physicians who have additional training in caring for the health needs of older people. These specialists are in huge demand as an aging country.
- 8. In contrast to the unidimensional, mechanistic medical model, this approach multidisciplinary and holistic approach to health and healthcare acknowledges that understandings of health require simultaneous attention to psychological, social, interpersonal, and emotional aspects of health.
- 11. This is a set of symptoms and characteristic changes that is a form of cognitive impairment. Alzheimer’s disease is one type.
- 13. These indicate the number of people per 100,000 who died in a given year. This data can be assayed out to compare across groups and time to tell us who dies, of what causes, and when or what age.
- 15. These long-term care services provided by local agencies help with daily activities.
- 17. Passed in 2010, this bill shifted the landscape of healthcare in the U.S. by prohibiting discrimination based on preexisting health condition, including the denial of coverage and the charging of higher premiums.
- 18. Institutional, medically-focused long-term care facilities.
- 19. This healthcare system is gradually replacing the fee-for-service (FFS) system in the U.S. In this system, preset standards determine which costs are reimbursable in treating a given condition.
- 20. This domain makes connections among physical, spiritual, and psychological health and considers the ways that these dimensions of health affect each other. Related conditions include anxiety and alcohol abuse. Related services are multidisciplinary, including social workers, counselors, psychiatrists, neurologists, and physicians.
- 24. This concept helps to explain how experiences related to death are socially constructed by arguing that when a person experiences a sense of loss and lacks a socially acknowledged role or relationship with the deceased, the rights to grief are not socially recognized and the person experiences a sense of helplessness or disconnection.
- 26. In this systems of care, doctors, hospitals, and other healthcare providers are reimbursed for all of the services they provide; the more they do, the more they are reimbursed. Until recently, this healthcare system dominated in the U.S.
- 27. Refers to the assumption that there is a clear separation between physical functioning and psychological, spiritual, behavioral, and emotional dimensions of the person.
- 29. Life conditions that vary across populations to differently affect human health, including education, income, gender, race, and ethnicity. Example: You are born into a family with low-income and live near a toll booth plaza because it’s the only affordable housing near your parents’ place of employment. All the cars idling while waiting in line at the tollbooth lead to high levels of exhaust (which contain particulate matters below the size of 10 microns and carbon monoxide) which are risk factors for asthma. You develop a severe case of pediatric asthma as a result of exposure to these environmental risks. The Hint: This is Marley’s favorite topic!
- 30. This is a critical perspective focusing on how economic and political forces influence the policies, services, and experiences of an aging population. It addresses capitalism as an ideological and political force that shapes policies and services for older people
- 31. In preparing for death and dying, this form of care focuses on quality of life, symptom management, and understanding choices for medical treatment for individuals living with serious illness rather than seeking to delay or avoid death (i.e., curative treatments). It can be used at any stage of an illness and is commonly provided by a multidisciplinary team (i.e., doctors, nurses, and social workers) who works collaboratively amongst themselves and with the patient and their family to provide coordinated medical, social, and emotional support. One example is hospice care.
Down
- 2. Health conditions for which recovery is not expected; it will be a life-long condition that requires management. Long-term care programs are designed to provide services to clients with these.
- 4. In the case of medicine, this is the tendency to reduce any illness to a disorder of the physiological systems of the body of the afflicted individual, rather than considering other dimensions of the person more holistically. Relates to the Cartesian mind-body dualism.
- 6. Refers to the loss of mental capacity for higher level mental functioning. Dementia-related diseases are included in this category. Examples of symptoms include memory loss, confusion, disorientation, and the inability to care for oneself.
- 7. One of the major payers of the government’s share of healthcare, this program was jointly funded by states and the federal government. It was originally created as the primary health insurance program for low-income individuals and families, but now plays a significant role in financing healthcare for older people, especially in providing long-term care in nursing homes.
- 9. This statistic indicates the proportion of a group that has a certain condition or diagnosis at any given time (e.g., how many people per 1,000 in the general population had a chronic illness in 2016).
- 10. This includes important indicators of health status, such as the degree of independence and activities of daily living. These measures evaluate the extent to which an individual needs help with basic personal tasks and with household and independent living tasks.
- 12. The philosophy of this approach to community-based care is founded on the belief that consumers have the right and the ability to assess their own needs, determine how best to have those needs met, and evaluate the quality of the services they receive. Under this approach, healthcare consumers choose and hire their own workers, decide how and when services will be delivered, and provide feedback about how well the services are working. A good example includes the Cash and Counseling model.
- 14. Costs for healthcare services rendered that individuals are responsible for paying from their own funds.
- 16. This is a subjective and straightforward indicator of perceived health gathered by asking people to rate their own health as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor. It’s been found to very closely approximate other objective measures of individuals’ health status (i.e., it’s a remarkably valid measure of human health).
- 21. A specially designed congregate setting providing long-term care. These differ from nursing homes, which are more medically-focused institutions.
- 22. This is federal health insurance for people 65 and older that also covers some younger disabled people. Virtually everyone over 65 is insured by this program (97% are covered). Legislation enacting this was passed in 1965, and today it is one of the major payers of the government’s share of healthcare.
- 23. This approach to healthcare focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disease – always in pursuit of “fixing” or “curing” the human body. Two underlying assumption of this paradigm are that (1) health equates to absence of disease, and (2) the body is able to be separated from the mind.
- 25. Refers to a policies that Medicare participants purchase privately or through their employers to address the additional costs from copays, deductible, and other costs not covered by Medicare. Often an alternative option to MedicareAdvantage plans.
- 28. This is “the process of legitimating medical control over an area of life, typically by asserting the primacy of a medical interpretation of that area” (Freund & McGuire, 1995, p. 201).