Chapter 8 and 9 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 3. Occurs if H0 is not rejected when H0 is false.
  2. 5. Study designs that involve making two observations on the same individual, or one observation on each of two similar individuals, result in paired data.
  3. 7. The alternative hypothesis is one-sided if it states that a parameter is larger than the null hypothesis value or if it states that the parameter is smaller than the null value.
  4. 12. If the conditions are met, perform calculations.
  5. 13. Individual observations are independent. When sampling without replacement, we check the 10% condition: the population is at least 10 times as large as the sample.
  6. 14. What parameter do you want to estimate, and at what confidence level?
  7. 15. The probability, computed assuming H0 is true, that the statistic would take a value as extreme as or more extreme than the one actually observed. The smaller the P-value, the stronger the evidence against H0 provided by the data.
  8. 18. unknown population parameter with an indication of how precise the estimate is
  9. 19. The sample is large enough that both np and n(1 − p) are at least 10
Down
  1. 1. The alternative hypothesis is two-sided if it states that the parameter is different from the null value (it could be either smaller or larger).
  2. 2. The claim tested by a statistical test. The test is designed to assess the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis. Often the null hypothesis is a statement of “no difference.”
  3. 4. Tells how close the estimate tends to be to the unknown parameter in repeated random sampling.
  4. 6. The data were produced by random sampling or random assignment
  5. 8. When our P-value is less than the chosen significance level α, the result is statistically significant.
  6. 9. Occurs if H0 is rejected when H0 is true.
  7. 10. Identify the appropriate inference method. Check conditions.
  8. 11. Assesses the evidence provided by data about some claim concerning a population.
  9. 14. When the standard deviation of a statistic is estimated from data, the result is the standard error of the statistic.
  10. 16. Interpret your interval in the context of the problem.
  11. 17. Measures how far a sample statistic diverges from what we would expect if the null hypothesis H0 were true, in standardized units.