Across
- 6. Is part of a transposon (two words)
- 7. mRNA ---> proteins
- 8. The __ _________ is a plasmid found in the donor cell in bacterial conjugation
- 10. The transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a bacteriophage.
- 12. Makes covalent bonds to join DNA strands: joins Okazaki fragments (two words)
- 13. the start codon
- 14. Set of “rules” that determines how a nucleotide sequence is converted into amino acid sequence of protein (two words)
- 20. The process of copying DNA
- 22. The transfer of DNA between two organisms in the same generation is known as ___________ information flow
- 24. Synthesizes DNA in the 5’ --> 3’ direction: proofreads and repairs DNA (two words)
- 26. The replacement of a single base in DNA by another base, causing a mutation; also called point mutation (two words)
- 27. The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another involving cell-to-cell contact; an example of horizontal information flow
- 29. The process of switching pieces of DNA among two sources; joining pieces of DNA from different sources
- 31. Structure containing DNA that physically carries hereditary information; the chromosomes contain the genes
- 32. Nonionizing radiation (UV light) causes the formation of _________ _________
Down
- 1. The transfer of bacterial chromosome fragments from one cell to another by a bacteriophage is called ____________ transduction
- 2. sequence of 3 bases complementary to a codon that each tRNA molecules carries and by which a tRNA recognizes an mRNA codon
- 3. The expressed regions of a eukaryotic gene; are separated from each other by introns.
- 4. Small circular piece of DNA carried by some prokaryotes; extrachromosomal
- 5. The genes of an organism – its’ genetic makeup; information that codes for all the particular characteristics of the organism
- 9. The DNA sequence that is complementary to CGAATCA
- 11. is antiparallel
- 15. RNA synthesis continues until RNA polymerase reaches this site on the DNA
- 16. The process by which a portion of one piece of DNA is exchanged with a portion of another piece of DNA (two words)
- 17. The point where DNA strands separate and new strands are synthesized (two words)
- 18. The transfer of genes from an organism or cell to its offspring OR the process of transcription and translation occurring within a cell (Central Dogma) is known as ___________ information flow
- 19. Refers to actual, expressed properties, for example a colour, an enzyme, etc
- 21. Redundancy of the genetic code; that is, most amino acids are encoded by several codons
- 23. The study of genomes
- 25. Recognizes specific codons and transports the required amino acids to the ribosomal translation site where they are incorporated into proteins
- 27. three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid
- 28. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at this site.
- 30. The process in which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another as "naked" DNA in solution.