Across
- 3. The replacement of a single base in DNA by another base, causing a mutation; also called point mutation (two words)
- 5. sequence of 3 bases complementary to a codon that each tRNA molecules carries and by which a tRNA recognizes an mRNA codon
- 7. Synthesizes DNA in the 5’ --> 3’ direction: proofreads and repairs DNA (two words)
- 9. Refers to actual, expressed properties, for example a colour, an enzyme, etc
- 13. The point where DNA strands separate and new strands are synthesized (two words)
- 16. Small circular piece of DNA carried by some prokaryotes; extrachromosomal
- 17. The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another involving cell-to-cell contact; an example of horizontal information flow
- 18. The transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a bacteriophage.
- 21. Recognizes specific codons and transports the required amino acids to the ribosomal translation site where they are incorporated into proteins
- 22. The DNA sequence that is complementary to CGAATCA
- 25. The study of genomes
- 26. The expressed regions of a eukaryotic gene; are separated from each other by introns.
- 28. is antiparallel
- 29. The transfer of DNA between two organisms in the same generation is known as ___________ information flow
- 30. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at this site.
- 31. three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid
- 32. Set of “rules” that determines how a nucleotide sequence is converted into amino acid sequence of protein (two words)
- 33. Structure containing DNA that physically carries hereditary information; the chromosomes contain the genes
Down
- 1. The process by which a portion of one piece of DNA is exchanged with a portion of another piece of DNA (two words)
- 2. the start codon
- 4. The process of switching pieces of DNA among two sources; joining pieces of DNA from different sources
- 6. Redundancy of the genetic code; that is, most amino acids are encoded by several codons
- 8. The genes of an organism – its’ genetic makeup; information that codes for all the particular characteristics of the organism
- 10. The process in which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another as "naked" DNA in solution.
- 11. RNA synthesis continues until RNA polymerase reaches this site on the DNA
- 12. The process of copying DNA
- 14. The transfer of genes from an organism or cell to its offspring OR the process of transcription and translation occurring within a cell (Central Dogma) is known as ___________ information flow
- 15. The transfer of bacterial chromosome fragments from one cell to another by a bacteriophage is called ____________ transduction
- 19. Makes covalent bonds to join DNA strands: joins Okazaki fragments (two words)
- 20. Nonionizing radiation (UV light) causes the formation of _________ _________
- 23. Is part of a transposon (two words)
- 24. mRNA ---> proteins
- 27. The __ _________ is a plasmid found in the donor cell in bacterial conjugation