Across
- 1. Are named for their distinctive type of holospondylous vertebra, termed a lepospondylous vertebra, in which the vertebral elements are fused.
- 3. A median process on the front part of neural arch of the vertebrae of most snakes and some lizards.
- 4. A fossa on the posterior median part of the neural arch of a vertebra that accommodates the zygosphene of the next vertebra.
- 5. Is a ridge of cartilage in the trachea that occurs between the division of the two main bronchi.
- 9. Is a smooth, rounded eminence on the lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus.
- 13. One of a pair of dorsal and lateral elements of the centrum of the vertebrae of the fish and of an extinct amphibian representing or formed from dorsal arcualia.
- 14. This is the ribs of primitive tetrapod that having two heads that articulate with the vertebrae.
- 17. Are paired ventrolateral processes, remnants of the hemal arch bases that may receive the articulation with ventral ribs.
- 19. Are the unpaired segmental series of bones forming the body of sternum.
- 21. A type of vertebra that has no centra.
- 23. A centra with flat ends and seem especially suited to receive and distribute compressive forces within the vertebral column.
- 24. Is a site of tendon or ligament attachment, it is also a normal developmental outgrowth of a bone.
- 27. A vertebra having a large dorsal cresentric intercentrum, and a small dorsal paired pleurocentrum.
- 28. In this type of tail, the vertebral column extends straight back, with the fin itself developed symmetrically above and below it.
- 30. Is a long continuous rod of fibrous connective tissue wrapping a core of fluid or fluid-filled cells.
- 32. These are restricted to the sides of the ventral body wall between sternum and pelvis and do not articulate with the vertebrae.
- 33. A bone that is first of seven cervical vertebrae, it supports the weight of the skull.
- 34. Are transient structures that will give rise to cells of the vertebrae and ribs, dermis of the dorsum, skeletal muscle of the body wall, back and limbs.
- 38. It is attached to the vertebral column in complex ways, corresponding to the demands that active locomotion places upon the individual vertebrae.
- 39. This was certainly one of the vertebral innovations of tetrapods that was seen first in labyrinthodonts.
- 40. These centra are saddle-shaped articular surfaces at both ends.
Down
- 2. Within turtles, it is a composite bony plate forming the floor of the shell, it consists of a fused group of ventral dermal elements, including contributions from the clavicles and interclavicle as well as dermal elements from the abdominal region.
- 6. During embryonic development in some primitive fishes, mesenchymal cells that gather around the notochord first form discrete blocks of cartilage, up to four pairs per segment.
- 7. Is a midventral skeletal structure that is endochondral in embryonic origin and arises within the ventral connective tissue septum and adjacent myosepta.
- 8. A type of tail that is characteristics of teleosts, has equal lobes and appears to be symmetrical, but the narrowed vertebral column that runs to its base slants upward to form the support for the dorsal edge of the fin.
- 10. Part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate.
- 11. A vertebra that is characterized by fused construction of all components and the specific type shown is a lepospondylous vertebra.
- 12. This centrum is if each surface is concave and a design that seems to allow limited motion in most directions.
- 15. It is the uppermost segment of the sternum of humans and many other mammals that is somewhat triangular flattened bone with anterolateral borders which articulate with the clavicle.
- 16. It is characterizes centra that are reverse shape, concave posteriorly and convex anteriorly.
- 18. It is a skeletal structure of birds and other dinosaurs, in which the sacrum is extended by incorporation of additional fused or partially fused caudal or lumbar vertebrae and it can only be seen in birds.
- 20. A laterally or more or less ventrally directed process or appendage of a vertebra forming a rib or part corresponding to a rib.
- 22. A type of tail that forms if the posterior end of the vertebral column turns upward and into this dorsal lobe, forming its central axis.
- 25. This is the hemal arches below expand into supportive struts to which the rest of the fin attaches.
- 26. A centra that are concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly.
- 29. A process that is the formed prolongation of the angle of junction of the lower and left lateral borders in the head of the pancreas.
- 31. A type of vertebra with only one centrum per segment.
- 35. Is an external or internal framework of bone, cartilage or other rigid material supporting or containing the body of an animal or plant.
- 36. A vertebrate whose embryo is wrapped in an amnion.
- 37. Provide sites for secure muscle attachment, help suspend the body, form a protective case around viscera , and sometimes serve as accessory breathing devices.