Across
- 2. In problem solving, having fixed ideas about the typical functions ofobjects.
- 7. Making a decision based on the answer that most easily comes to mind.
- 10. Placing a person or an object in a category if that person or object is similar to one’s prototype for that category.
- 12. A language disorder that results in deficits in language comprehension and production.
- 13. In language, the sound and order of words.
- 14. The ability to use knowledge to reason, make decisions, make sense of events, solve problems, understand complex ideas, learn quickly, and adapt to environmental challenges.
- 16. A way of thinking about concepts: Within each category, there is a best example—a prototype—for that category.
- 20. Intelligence that reflects the ability to process information, understand relationships, and think logically, particularly in novel or complex circumstances.
- 23. Intelligence that reflects both the knowledge acquired through experience and the ability to use that knowledge.
- 24. A system of communication using sounds and symbols according to grammatical rules.
- 25. The mental activity that includes thinking and the understandings that result from thinking.
- 32. In language, the implicit meanings of sentences.
- 33. A category, or class, of related items consisting of mental representations of those items.
- 35. The tendency for people to overestimate how events will make them feel in the future.
- 36. Finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal.
- 37. The idea that one general factor underlies intelligence.
- 38. A method of teaching reading in English that focuses on the association between letters and their phonemes.
- 39. A way of thinking about concepts: All members of a category are
Down
- 1. Abstract mental representations that do not correspond to the physical features of objects or ideas.
- 3. (EI) A form of social intelligence that emphasizes managing, recognizing, and understanding emotions and using them to guide appropriate thought and action.
- 4. The basic sounds of speech, the building blocks of language.
- 5. Mental representations that have some of the physical characteristics of what they represent.
- 6. In decision making, an emphasis on the potential losses or potential gains from at least one alternative.
- 8. (IQ) An index of intelligence computed by dividing a child’s estimated mental age by the child’s chronological age, then multiplying this number by 100.
- 9. A schema that directs behavior over time within a situation.
- 11. (exemplars); together they form the concept and determine category membership.
- 15. The claim that language determines thought.
- 17. A cognitive process that results in the selection of a course of action or belief from several options.
- 18. The mental manipulation of representations of knowledge about the world.
- 19. Shortcuts (rules of thumb or informal guidelines) used to reduce the amount of thinking that is needed to make decisions.
- 21. Problem-solving strategies that have worked in the past.
- 22. The way toddlers speak, using rudimentary sentences that are missing words and grammatical markings but follow a logical syntax and convey a wealth of meaning.
- 26. The smallest language units that have meaning, including suffixes and prefixes.
- 27. An area of the left hemisphere where the temporal and parietal lobes meet, involved in speech comprehension.
- 28. A new way of thinking about a problem that aids its solution.
- 29. Cognitive schemas that allow for easy, fast processing of information about people based on their membership in certain groups.
- 30. The sudden realization of a solution to a problem.
- 31. The tendency, in making judgments, to rely on the first piece of information encountered or information that comes most quickly to mind.
- 34. An assessment of a child’s intellectual standing compared with that of same-age peers; determined by comparing the child’s test score with the average score for children of each chronological age.