Across
- 5. tunica externa
- 6. a condition where the heart beats faster than normal, Heart rate above 100 beats per minute (bpm) at rest
- 7. fine network of tiny tube linking arteries and vein
- 10. platelets for blood clotting.
- 12. an enzyme found mostly in red blood cells. It helps the body transport carbon dioxide efficiently
- 14. the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscles contract to pump blood out of the chambers.
- 15. 120 mmHg
- 17. the wall of muscle that divides the right and left sides of the heart
- 20. tunica media
- 22. the hollow center of the tube
- 26. red blood cell
- 27. when the heart does not beat normally.It may beat too fast, too slow, or unevenly.
- 30. effect explains how hemoglobin releases more oxygen when carbon dioxide levels are high or when the environment becomes more acidic
- 33. principle of blood protein
- 34. valves are heart valves shaped like half-moons that function to prevent blood from flowing backward into the heart after it has been pumped out
Down
- 1. the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscles relax and the chambers fill with blood
- 2. a double-layered sac that surrounds and protects the heart
- 3. carry blood back to the heart
- 4. valve is one of the four heart valves. It controls blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle
- 6. valve (also called the right atrioventricular valve) is a heart valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
- 8. clear fluid that carries WBCs, protects you from infection, absorbs fats, and returns extra fluid to the blood
- 9. inner lining
- 11. a small group of specialized cells in the right atrium of the heart. It acts as the natural pacemaker that starts each heartbeat. Locate at Upper wall of the right atrium, near the opening of the superior vena cava
- 13. upper chambers of the heart
- 15. a small group of specialized cells located between the atria and ventricles. It acts as the electrical gatekeeper of the heart. Locate at the junction between the right atrium and right ventricle
- 16. prevent back flow of the blood
- 18. fibres are special heart muscle cells found in the inner walls of the ventricles. They are the fastest-conducting part of the heart’s electrical system
- 19. the movement of chloride ions (Cl⁻) into and out of red blood cells to help transport carbon dioxide and maintain electrical balance
- 21. white blood cell
- 23. valve is another name for the mitral valve
- 24. lower chambers of the heart, that pump blood out of the heart with strong force
- 25. red protein found inside red blood cells (RBCs). It gives blood its red colour and is essential for carrying oxygen
- 28. the compound formed when hemoglobin binds with oxygen in the red blood cells
- 29. carry blood away from the heart
- 31. a group of specialized heart muscle fibres that carry electrical impulses from the AV node down into the ventricles.
- 32. liquid part of blood. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume
- 33. receive blood pumped from the heart in a "pulse" pressure