Across
- 2. Hill - the sloping side or face of a hill or mountain
- 6. - detailed, written requirements and standards that outline the nature, quality, and performance of work, materials, and processes related to forest management and construction projects
- 8. - a loose mixture of small, rounded rock fragments and pebbles, coarser than sand, often found in natural deposits like riverbeds or forest paths
- 10. - the loose, unconsolidated material covering the Earth's surface, composed of mineral and organic matter, that supports plant growth, provides nutrients, and plays a crucial role in ecosystem processes.
- 12. - structures built to facilitate crossing over obstacles like streams or roads, or to reconnect fragmented habitats for wildlife.
- 14. dips - a surface drainage structure, also known as a rolling dip, designed to divert water off a forest road while allowing vehicles to maintain normal travel speeds
- 15. Clay - the fine, mineral soil particles, smaller than 0.002 millimeters that are inorganic
- 16. Crossing Location - a planned and controlled area where a road, trail, or other infrastructure crosses a stream to provide access while minimizing environmental impact and ensuring water flow
- 20. - habitat, site quality, and forest stand characteristics
- 21. Structures - engineered features designed to manage and direct water flow, typically to prevent soil saturation, erosion, and damage to roads and infrastructure, and to promote healthy forest ecosystems.
- 22. - the act of something becoming apparent or visible, or the process of applying a layer of material to a surface, often for protection or improvement.
Down
- 1. to the Contour - a line or feature that forms a 90-degree angle with the contour lines
- 2. Strength - the ability of the soil beneath a road surface to resist deformation and support loads without excessive settlement or rutting.
- 3. - graphs that estimate the potential productivity of a forest site by plotting the height of trees against their age
- 4. - the amount of tree cover or the number of trees per unit area
- 5. drain culverts - a pipe or structure that carries water from road ditches and other areas, moving it under the road to prevent erosion and ensure proper drainage, ultimately discharging on the downhill side.
- 7. -a structure, typically a pipe or tunnel, that allows water to flow under a road or other embankment, preventing flooding and ensuring safe passage of water and wildlife.
- 9. - the crest or summit of a ridge, a long, narrow, elevated strip of land
- 11. - permeable, textile-like materials used for soil stabilization, erosion control, and vegetation management
- 13. Disturbance - any alteration of the soil's natural state, including compaction, rutting, gouging, scalping, and the construction of trails, roads, landings, pits, and quarries, primarily caused by machinery and logging activities
- 17. Grade - the steepness or incline of the road, typically expressed as a percentage
- 18. Terrain - an area of land that is relatively level and smooth, with little to no variation in elevation, and is typically characterized by the presence of trees.
- 19. Ditches - a shallow ditch or channel built on the downhill side of a road to divert water away from the road and into the forest floor, preventing erosion and minimizing the impact of roads on the surrounding environment.
- 23. - the Unified Soil Classification System, a system used to classify soil types based on particle size distribution and plasticity
- 24. - to a shallow, natural or constructed crossing point in a river or stream where people, animals, or vehicles can safely wade or drive across.