Chapter 8 Vocabulary

1. A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast.
5. Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell.
7. process in which NAD+ is regenerated, allowing cells to maintain glycolysis in the absence of oxygen.
8. All of the chemical reactions in a cell are referred to as the cell's metabolism.
9. is a metabolic process that requires oxygen.
12. Cellular processes require energy-the ability to do work.
15. Anaerobic process; the first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
17. Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy, that is entropy-disorder or unusable energy increases.
18. Is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.
20. Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed.
21. (ATP) Is the most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy.

2. Do not require oxygen.
3. Anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell.
4. are found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
6. Includes the Krebs cycle and electron transport and is an aerobic process.
10. cycle - Which energy is stored in organic molecules such as glucose.
11. the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
13. Enzyme converts inorganic carbon dioxide molecules into organic molecules during the final step of the Calvin cycle.
14. in the chloroplast, are one of the stacked flattened, pigment-containing membranes in which light-dependent reactions occur.
16. The fluid-filled space that is outside the grana.
19. Forming the energy-storage molecule NADPH.