Chapter 8 Vocabulary Review

3. process by which DNA is copied
4. change in the DNA sequence
6. agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in organisms
7. theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins (2 words)
8. rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA; adenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always bonds with cytosine (C) (3 words)
10. process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
12. monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
14. sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid
15. enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template (2 words)
16. set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation
17. model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which two strands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder (2 words)
19. also known as tRNA; form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis (2 words)
21. codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein (2 words)

1. also known as mRNA; form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis (2 words)
2. mutation that involves a substitution of only one nucleotide (2 words)
5. mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence (2 words)
9. enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides, forming an identical strand of DNA during replication (2 words)
11. codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation (2 words)
13. nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis
18. process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA
20. also known as rRNA; RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein (2 words)