Chapter 8

5. weathering Mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals
6. rain Sulfuric acid that causes degradation of statues and marble
7. A vent in Earth's surface that emits ash, gases, and molten lava
11. Rocks formed from mud, sand, or gravel compressed together
13. Rocks formed from igneous or sedimentary rocks that are subjected to high temperatures and pressure that change its physical and chemical properties
15. Molten rock
16. A crack that occurs from stress in a rock
18. Process of one plate passing under another
21. spreading Creates new lithosphere and brings important elements to the surface
23. The outermost layer of the planet
25. plate When plates move toward one another and collide
27. Contains magma, layer under the crust
28. cycle Constant formation and destruction of rock

1. Rocks formed directly from magma
2. The physical removal of rock fragments from an ecosystem
3. Exact point on the Earth's surface where the earthquake ruptured
4. tectonics A theory which states that "Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion
8. activity A zone where earthquakes occur
9. A solid chemical substance with uniform structure
10. Near the mantle, made up of ductile rock
12. weathering Breakdown of rocks and minerals by chemical reactions
14. fault When plates move sideways past each other
17. Dense large mass made up of nickel and iron
19. plate When plates move away form each other
20. spot A place where molten material from the mantle reaches the lithosphere
22. zone Large expanse of rock where movement has occurred
24. Occurs when rocks in the lithosphere rupture unexpectedly
25. The outermost layer of the lithosphere
26. scale A scale used to measure earthquake magnitude