Chapter 9-10 (Unit 4) Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 3. – Electron-moving proteins in ETC for ATP production.
  2. 5. II – Splits water, releases O₂, and excites electrons first.
  3. 7. – 5-carbon CO₂ acceptor in the Calvin cycle.
  4. 9. – Makes its own food using sunlight or chemicals.
  5. 10. – Enzyme that fixes CO₂ onto RuBP (can also bind O₂).
  6. 12. acid fermentation – Converts pyruvate into lactate; no CO₂ released.
  7. 14. – Electron carrier used in photosynthesis (NADPH = reduced).
  8. 16. – Stacks of thylakoids inside chloroplasts.
  9. 17. (G3P) – 3-carbon sugar made in Calvin cycle; used to build glucose.
  10. 19. – Must eat other organisms for energy.
  11. 21. A – Carries acyl groups; forms acetyl-CoA for Krebs cycle.
  12. 24. factors – Light, CO₂, water, temperature affect photosynthesis rate.
  13. 26. – Cell’s main energy currency; releases energy when bonds break.
  14. 27. spectrum – Shows which wavelengths a pigment absorbs.
  15. 29. – Water loss from leaves through stomata.
  16. 31. plants – Open stomata at night; store CO₂ as acids; conserve water.
  17. 32. aerobes – Can grow with or without oxygen.
  18. 34. – 3-carbon product of glycolysis; metabolic crossroads.
  19. 35. cell – Controls opening and closing of stomata.
Down
  1. 1. – Electron carrier used in respiration to help make ATP.
  2. 2. – Leaf pores for gas exchange (CO₂ in, O₂/water out).
  3. 4. transport system – Proteins that move electrons to create ATP.
  4. 6. – Fluid in chloroplast around thylakoids; Calvin cycle site.
  5. 8. mesophyll – Tightly packed leaf cells where most photosynthesis happens.
  6. 11. mesophyll – Loosely packed leaf cells with air spaces for gas exchange.
  7. 13. – Breaks glucose into 2 pyruvates; small ATP & NADH gain.
  8. 14. – Electron carrier used in biosynthesis and photosynthesis.
  9. 15. fermentation – Converts pyruvate into ethanol + CO₂.
  10. 18. aerobes – Need oxygen to survive.
  11. 20. I – Re-energizes electrons and makes NADPH.
  12. 21. plants – Most plants; vulnerable to photorespiration in heat/light.
  13. 22. – Rubisco binds O₂, wasting energy + releasing CO₂.
  14. 23. – Waxy coating on leaves that reduces water loss.
  15. 25. cycle – Breaks down acetyl-CoA to CO₂; makes NADH, FADH₂, ATP.
  16. 27. respiration – Uses oxygen to make lots of ATP.
  17. 28. – Membrane sacs where light reactions occur.
  18. 30. respiration – Occurs without oxygen; less ATP.
  19. 31. cycle – Uses ATP + NADPH to make sugar from CO₂.
  20. 32. – Electron carrier in respiration; donates electrons to ETC.
  21. 33. plants – Capture CO₂ efficiently; avoid photorespiration in hot climates.