Chapter 9

3. A vent in Earth's crust through which melted-or molten-rock flows.
5. Cause particles in the ground to move up and down in a rolling motion.
6. Cause particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring.
8. Scientists that study earthquakes.
11. Large, steep-sided volcanoes that result from explosive eruptions of andesitic and rhyolitic lava and ash along convergent plate boundaries.
12. The location on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus.
14. Cause particles to move up and down at right angles relative to the direction the wave travels.
17. A break in Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another.
18. Measures and records ground motion and can be used to determine the distance seismic waves travel.
19. Volcanoes that are not associated with plate boundaries.

1. Vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in Earth's lithosphere.
2. These waves originate where rocks first move along the fault, at a location inside Earth.
4. Molten rock that erupts onto Earth's surface.
5. Energy that travels as vibrations on and in Earth.
7. A liquid's resistance to flow.
9. Molten rock below Earth's surface.
10. Common along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots.
13. Small, steep-sided volcanoes that erupt gas-rich basaltic lavas.
15. Tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass.
16. A graphical illustration of seismic waves.