Chapter 9

8. Small, steep-sided volcanoes that erupt gas-rich basaltic lavas.
9. Cause particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring.
10. Scientists that study earthquakes.
11. Volcanoes that are not associated with plate boundaries.
13. Common along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots.
14. A vent in Earth's crust through which melted-or molten-rock flows.
16. Measures and records ground motion and can be used to determine the distance seismic waves travel.
18. Cause particles in the ground to move up and down in a rolling motion.
19. A break in Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another.
20. A graphical illustration of seismic waves.

1. The location on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus.
2. Large, steep-sided volcanoes that result from explosive eruptions of andesitic and rhyolitic lava and ash along convergent plate boundaries.
3. A liquid's resistance to flow.
4. These waves originate where rocks first move along the fault, at a location inside Earth.
5. Molten rock that erupts onto Earth's surface.
6. Energy that travels as vibrations on and in Earth.
7. Molten rock below Earth's surface.
12. Cause particles to move up and down at right angles relative to the direction the wave travels.
15. Tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass.
17. Vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in Earth's lithosphere.