Across
- 3. restoration of a fast of irregular heart rate to a normal rhythm, either by pharmaceuticals means or by delivery of electrical energy
- 6. surgical repair of a heart valve
- 8. termination of ventricular fibrillation by delivering an electrical stimulus to the heart; most commonly, this is done by applying the electrodes of the defibrillator externally to the chest wall, but it can also be performed internally, such as during open heart surgery or via an implanted device
- 14. a device used to treat slow heart rates (bradycardia) by electrically stimulating the heart to contract; most often, it is implanted with lead wires and battery circuitry under the skin, but it can also be placed on a temporary basis externally with lead wires inserted into the heart via a vein
- 17. murmur an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves
- 19. subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeat
- 25. drug that increases the secretion of urine; commonly prescribed in treating hypertension
- 26. lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, or obstruction
- 28. atrioventricular
- 30. agents that inhibit responses to sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity causing a slowing of electrical conduction and heart rate and a lowering of the pressure withing the walls of the vessels; used to treat angina pectoris and hypertension
- 31. excision of atheromatous plaque from within an artery utilizing a device housed in a flexible catheter that selectively cuts away or pulverizes tissue buildup
- 32. angiotensin-converting enzyme
- 34. a drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, thereby decreasing blood flow
- 36. plugging;an obstruction or a closing off
- 39. a drug that increases the force of myocardial contractions in the heart commonly used to treat congestive heart failure (CHF)
- 41. drug that suppresses the conversion of angiotensin in the blood by the angiotensin-covering
- 42. a localized area of necrosis (dead tissue cells) caused by ischemia resulting from occlusion of a blood vessel; to stuff into
Down
- 1. decreased blood flow to tissue caused by obstruction or constriction of a blood vessel; to hold back blood
- 2. use of a flexible fiberoptic angioscope that is guided through a specific blood vessels to visually assess a lesion and to select the mode of therapy
- 4. drugs that cause dilation of the blood vessels, thereby increasing blood flow
- 5. implantation of a device used to reinforce the wall of a vessel and assure its patency (openness); most often used to treat a stenosis or a dissection (a split or tear in the wall of a vessel) or to reinforce patency of a vessel after angioplasty
- 7. drug that prevents clotting of the blood; commonly used in the treatment of thrombophlebitis and myocardial infarction
- 9. agents that inhibit responses to sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity, causing a slowing of electrical conduction and heart rate and a lowering of the pressure within the walls of the vessels
- 10. use of a flexible fiberoptic angioscope (accompanied by an irrigation system, camera, video recorder, and monitor) that is guided through a specific blood vessel to visually assess a lesion and to select the mode of therapy
- 11. surgery to replace a diseased heart valve with an artificial valve
- 12. drug that reduces serum fat and cholesterol
- 13. blood pressure
- 15. drug that counteracts cardiac arrhythmia
- 16. condition of narrowing of a part
- 18. drug that lowers blood pressure
- 20. drug that dilates coronary arteries, restoring oxygen to the tissues to relieve the pain of angina pectoris
- 21. an implanted, battery-operated device with rate-sensing leads; the device monitors cardiac impulses and initiates an electrical stimulus as needed to stop ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia
- 22. atrial septal defect
- 23. drugs used to dissolve thrombi (blood clots); used in acute management of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke; commonly called "clot busters"
- 24. agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension
- 27. surgical removal of the lining of an artery to clear a blockage caused by a clot or atherosclerotic plaque build up
- 28. joining of two blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other
- 29. device that delivers the electrical stimulus in defibrillation
- 33. acute coronary syndrome
- 35. an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally resulting from infection; to grow
- 37. intervention procedures used to treat coronary artery disease, performed at the time of cardiac catheterization in specialized laboratory
- 38. a method for treating the narrowing of a coronary artery by inserting a specialized catheter with a balloon attachment, then inflating the balloon to dilate and open the narrowed portion of the vessel and restore blood flow to the myocardium, most often includes placement of a stent
- 40. grafting of a portion of a blood vessel retrieved from another part of the body to bypass an occluded coronary artery, restoring circulation to myocardial tissue