Across
- 5. gamma rays & x rays and are very penetrating
- 7. chemical agent that kill microorganisms
- 8. shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature
- 11. effective for heat resistant materials such as glassware, clothes, metallic instruments , liquids , some media etc.
- 13. hot air or open flame , which range from 2160- to several thousands of degrees Celsius
- 14. chemicals can be liquid, gaseous , solid state . range from disinfections and antiseptics, to sterilant and preservation
- 15. the growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues
Down
- 1. chemical that destroys bacteria except for endospores
- 2. do not tough the patient or only touch intact skin and require low level disinfection
- 3. hot water, boiling water, or steam between 60-135 degrees Celsius
- 4. merely slows the activities of most microbes
- 6. agents are typically "killing agents" depending on how they are used
- 9. permanent termination of an organism vital processes with permanent loss of reproductive capability
- 10. vegetative cells directly exposed to normal room temperature gradually become dehydrated . Many microbes are not killed and some are even preserved
- 12. vary in sensitivity to heat, depending on microbe type