Across
- 2. The abbreviation for the final part of ATP synthesis where protons are pumped out of the matrix into the innermembrane space to create a pH gradient to fuel the production of ATP
- 5. A cofactor that leaves reduced from the citric acid cycle with only one hydrogen attached
- 7. Level of structure that contains the sequences of nucleotides in nucleic acids
- 11. Phosphate + Sugar + Base
- 13. Contains nucleotides with ribose sugar, phosphate, and the four bases: adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine
- 14. Complementary pair in DNA only
- 16. The anabolic pathway that makes glucose from amino acids, lactate, and citric acid cycle intermediates that can convert to pyruvate
- 17. The organelle where ATP is produced
- 20. A sequence of three bases in mRNA that specifies a certain amino acid to be placed in a protein. A few of these signal the start or stop of protein synthesis
- 21. Carbohydrate of the blood that catabolizes into precursors of the citric acid cycle
- 23. The structure used to store glucose in the liver for later use to regulate blood sugar levels
- 25. The interpretation of the codons in mRNA as amino acids in a peptide
- 26. A base unique to RNA
- 27. NAD and FAD are two
- 30. The transfer of genetic information from DNA by the formation of mRNA
- 32. The part of the powerhouse organelle which the citric acid cycle and eletron transport chain inhabit
- 33. The number of strands in the secondary structure of DNA
- 35. The product of oxidative deamination that has to be disposed of by the urea cycle
- 37. The number of ATP that can be produced from NAD (produced in the matrix) when it interacts with the electron transport chain
- 39. C, T, and U
- 41. an RNA that places a specific amino acid into a peptide chain at the ribosome using an anticodon
- 43. the most prevalent type of RNA and a major component of the ribosomes
Down
- 1. The sugar found in the nucleotides of DNA
- 3. A cofactor that leaves reduced from the citric acid cycle with two hydrogen attached
- 4. The sugar found in the nucleotides of RNA
- 5. Sugar + Base
- 6. Reaction that occurs at the beta carbon of a fatty acid to catabolize it to acetyl-coA
- 8. The reaction that transfers an amino group from an amino acid to make it into a intermediate or precursor of the citric acid cycle
- 9. The product of glycolysis
- 10. Complementary pari in RNA only
- 12. The abberviation for the cyclic pathway that oxidizes a two-carbon molecule to produced reduced cofactors
- 15. A base unique to DNA
- 16. The catabolism of glucose to two pyruvates
- 18. Complementary pair in DNA
- 19. Contains nucleotides with deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and the four bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
- 22. The process of breaking big molecules down into smaller ones
- 24. A and G
- 28. A mutation that inserts or deletes a base in a DNA sequence
- 29. The number of ATP that can be produced from FAD when it interacts with the electron transport chain
- 31. Acid Large molecules composed of nucleotides; found as a double helix in DNA and as the single strands of RNA
- 32. Produced in the nucleus from DNA to carry the genetic information to the ribosomes for the construction of a protein
- 34. Nitrogen-containing compounds of purine and pyrimidine found in DNA and RNA
- 36. The type of intermolecular force that holds the DNA double helix together by the complementary base pairs
- 38. The orientation of DNA strands in its secondary structure
- 40. A change in the DNA base sequence that alters the formation of a protein in the cell
- 42. The energy currency on which our cells run