Across
- 9. An approach to crime that is grounded in the concept of rational choice but views the accused as exempted from conviction if circumstances prevented the exercise of free will.
- 13. Theory arguing criminal behavior is caused by feelings of strain which occur when people believe that legitimate means of achieving success are not accessible.
- 14. The number of reported crimes divided by the population of the jurisdiction, and times by 100,000 persons; developed and used by the FBI Uniform Crime Reports.
- 15. Framework consisting of a group of theories that propose similar explanations for a particular type of behavior or event.
- 16. A theory that describes criminal behavior as a natural outcome of peoples desire to seek pleasure in the absence of effective social controls.
- 20. The argument that people are most likely to engage in criminal behavior If they 1) have traits associated with crime and 2) are raised in environments conducive to criminal behavior.
- 21. Theory explaining the elements necessary for a crime to occur, as well as the types of controllers who can block criminal opportunities.
Down
- 1. People have free will to choose between criminal and lawful behavior.
- 2. A crime reporting system in which police describe each offense that occurs during a crime event as well as characteristics of the offender.
- 3. Theory explaining crime as an outcome of conflicting interests between groups in society and the dominant groups attempts to control and exploit groups with less power.
- 4. Theory maintaining that crimes will occur if crime opportunities are easy to commit, carry low risk, provide large rewards, provoke people, and are judged by a wide range of potential officers.
- 5. A random Survey of U.S. households that measures crimes committed against victims.
- 6. In the FBI Uniform Crime Reports reporting scheme, the practice whereby only the most serious offense of several that are committed during a criminal act is reported by police.
- 7. Theory maintaining neighborhood characteristics including poverty, racial heterogeneity, and resident transiency, break down social controls and lead to criminal behavior.
- 8. Published annually by the FBI, each report describes the nature of crime as reported by law enforcement agencies.
- 10. Criminological research on whether adopted children share criminal tendencies with there biological parents.
- 11. The so-called criminal chromosome; Criminal behavior is thought to be caused, in some offenders, by an extra y chromosome -believed to cause agitation, aggression, and greater criminal tendencies.
- 12. A theory explaining how gender inequality affects female offending and Justice System responses to crimes committed by females.
- 17. A theory asserting that criminal behaviors are learned from associating with others and from social interactions and social experiences.
- 18. A theory contending labeling a person as deviant/criminal makes them more likely to engage in criminal behavior.
- 19. A school of thought that argues science can be used to discover the true causes of crime.