Across
- 1. mesophyll layer - contains closely packed cells that absorb light that enters the leaf
- 3. A - plays a central role in metabolism; serves as a carrier for acyl groups
- 4. - used in the calvin cycle; acts as an “acceptor” molecule for carbon dioxide
- 8. - limits the loss of water through evaporation
- 12. cell - a specialized cell in the epidermis of plants that controls the opening/closing of the stomata
- 13. - fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids
- 14. - (aka G3P) is central to the synthesis of organic molecules in plants
- 16. - saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
- 19. - an organism able to get energy from sunlight/chemicals and use it to produce its food from inorganic compounds (aka producers)
- 20. factors of photosynthesis - light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, water availability, chlorophyll/pigment, nutrient availability
- 24. acid fermentation - temporary solution for ATP production; anaerobic process where glucose is broken down to produce energy without oxygen
- 27. II - light energy is absorbed and produces high-energy electrons here
- 31. spectrum - range of wavelengths of light that a photosynthetic organism can absorb
- 32. - accepts electrons during photosynthesis (becomes NADPH)
- 34. cycle - takes in carbon dioxide and produces G3P (precursor to many organic molecules); vital for converting inorganic carbon into organic forms that plants can use for energy
- 36. - used in photosynthesis, enables plants to fix carbon dioxide
- 37. - a way in which some of the energy of sunlight can be trapped in chemical form
- 38. respiration - the process by which cells produce ATP through the breakdown of glucose with oxygen
Down
- 1. - process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis by consuming energy/releasing carbon dioxide
- 2. aerobes - organisms that require oxygen for survival; depend on aerobic respiration/oxygen for energy
- 5. I - electrons are reenergized here
- 6. respiration - the process by which cells produce ATP the breakdown of glucose without oxygen
- 7. - an organism that obtains food by consuming other living things (aka consumers)
- 9. plants - use evolved/more efficient methods of photosynthesis
- 10. cycle - a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that play a central role in cellular respiration; generates energy
- 11. aerobes - organisms that can survive in both the presence/absence of oxygen
- 12. - first set of reactions in cell respiration in which a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvic acid molecules
- 15. - acts as an electron carrier during cellular respiration; helps generate ATP for the cell
- 17. (stoma) - a small opening in the epidermis of a plant that allows carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen to diffuse into/out of the leaf
- 18. - key in energy metabolism; carries high-energy electrons to the transport chain and produces ATP
- 21. (granum) - a stack of thylakoid membranes found in chloroplasts (used in the process of photosynthesis)
- 22. fermentation - glucose converted to ethanol, carbon dioxide, and ATP without the use of oxygen
- 23. transport system - a series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
- 25. plants - use the calvin cycle for photosynthesis; the most common type of plant
- 26. - essential for cellular respiration/energy generation; a protein that assists in electron transport/energy production
- 28. mesophyll layer - has air spaces between cells that connect with the exterior through stomata
- 29. - the loss of water through leaves
- 30. - adenosine triphosphate; a compound used by cells to store/release energy
- 33. plants - adaption to arid environments; helps plants cope with water scarcity but comes with trade-offs (in terms of growth rate/energy)
- 35. acid (pyruvate) - key organic acid in cellular metabolism; plays a role in aerobic/anaerobic energy production