Chapters 9 and 10 vocab crossword

1. mesophyll layer – Leaf layer with tightly packed cells, rich in chloroplasts.
3. A – Helps convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.
4. – 5-carbon molecule that captures CO₂ in the Calvin cycle.
8. – Waxy outer layer on leaves, reduces water loss.
12. cell – Cells that control the opening and closing of leaf pores.
13. – Fluid inside chloroplasts where the Calvin cycle occurs.
14. – 3-carbon sugar produced in the Calvin cycle.
16. – Membrane-bound sacs in chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.
19. – Organism that makes its own food, usually using sunlight.
20. factors of photosynthesis – Conditions that slow down photosynthesis.
24. acid fermentation – Process in muscles that produces lactic acid when oxygen is low.
27. II – First part of light-dependent reactions; splits water molecules.
31. spectrum – Shows which light wavelengths a pigment absorbs.
32. – Electron carrier that becomes NADPH during photosynthesis.
34. Cycle – Series of reactions in the stroma that produce sugar.
36. – Enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
37. – Electron carrier in photosynthesis.
38. respiration – Respiration that requires oxygen.

1. – Wasteful process where oxygen is used instead of CO₂.
2. aerobes – Must have oxygen to survive.
5. I – Part of photosynthesis that absorbs light and energizes electrons.
6. respiration – Respiration that does not require oxygen.
7. – Organism that must consume other organisms to get energy.
9. plants/C4 photosynthesis – Plants that minimize photorespiration by using a 4-carbon compound.
10. cycle – Citric acid cycle; produces electrons for ETC.
11. aerobes – Can survive with or without oxygen.
12. – First step of cellular respiration; breaks glucose into pyruvate.
15. – Another electron carrier in respiration.
17. (stoma) – Tiny leaf openings for gas exchange.
18. – Electron carrier in cellular respiration.
21. (granum) – Stacks of membrane-bound structures in chloroplasts where light reactions occur.
22. fermentation – Produces alcohol and CO₂, used by yeast.
23. transport system – Series of proteins that move electrons to make ATP.
25. plants/C3 photosynthesis – Most common type of plant photosynthesis.
26. – Proteins in electron transport chains.
28. mesophyll layer – Leaf layer with air spaces, allows gas exchange.
29. – Process of water moving out of leaves into the air.
30. – The main energy currency of the cell; powers most cellular activities.
33. plants/CAM photosynthesis – Plants that fix CO₂ at night to conserve water.
35. acid (pyruvate) – End product of glycolysis.