Across
- 2. is a variant of a chemical element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in its nucleus. This means isotopes of an element have the same atomic number but different atomic masses
- 3. is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter. If you heat an object or substance by transferring energy to it, the atoms will move more vigorously, and its temperature will increase.
- 5. are regions around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are most likely to be found
- 9. kinetic energy, is the mathematical average of the individual kinetic energies of all the particles in a substance or object.
- 11. refers to the process by which heat or electricity is transmitted through a substance
- 13. of conservation of mass, mass is conserved and can neither be created nor destroyed in a physical change or chemical reaction.
- 14. is an ion that has a positive charge, formed when an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons. Since electrons are negatively charged, losing them results in a net positive charge
- 16. is the capacity to move, do work, change matter, or produce heat.
- 20. energy, is the total kinetic energy possessed by all of the individual particles that make up an object or substance.
- 22. Energy, The energy stored within a system due to the positions of its parts
- 24. refers to the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases)
- 25. are held together by chemical bonds, which form through the electrical attraction between protons and electrons.
- 26. refers to the number of complete waves, or cycles, that pass a given point in a specific amount of time, usually per second
- 27. number, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
- 28. reaction, heat is absorbed from the surroundings because the reaction products are at a higher energy level than the reactants.
- 29. heat, expressed as j/kg•K. Specific heat varies for different materials.
- 31. is energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between the objects. Heat flows spontaneously from a warmer object to a cooler object.
- 32. is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electric charge. If an atom loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion (cation), and if it gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion
- 33. Potential Energy, A hammer raised by a cam on a turning wheel gains gravitational potential energy. When it drops, potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
Down
- 1. Energy, The energy of an object's motion is called kinetic energy.
- 4. reaction, heat is released to the surroundings because the reaction products are at a lower energy level than the reactants.
- 6. flow, is the rate at which heat moves from one substance to another. The rate that a substance or a system warms during a chemical reaction can be measured in watts.
- 7. electron, in chemistry refers to the outermost electron(s) of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding
- 8. is a negatively charged ion
- 10. refers to the emission and transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a medium
- 12. refers to the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs in a wave
- 15. potential energy, The energy stored in chemical bonds
- 17. configuration, refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule
- 18. table, is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized by increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus
- 19. typically refers to the maximum extent of a wave's displacement from its rest position
- 21. is a term that describes a property of a substance or object that is large enough to see or measure without magnification, or an observation scale that does not require magnification.
- 23. is the study of energy changes that happen during chemical reactions and changes in state.
- 30. Potential Energy,