Across
- 5. The hypothetical charge on an atom in a molecule, assuming equal sharing of electrons in bonds.
- 7. A molecular orbital that weakens the bond between two atoms and has higher energy than the atomic orbitals from which it was formed.
- 9. A measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule.
- 12. A diagram showing the bonding between atoms and the lone pairs of electrons in a molecule using dots to represent electrons.
- 14. A bond formed by the direct overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis.
- 20. Orbitals that belong to the entire molecule rather than to a single atom, formed by the combination of atomic orbitals.
- 23. The concept that electron pairs around a central atom will arrange themselves to be as far apart as possible, minimizing repulsive forces.
- 25. A bond formed by the side-by-side overlap of atomic orbitals, with electron density above and below the plane of the nuclei.
- 26. Orbitals that are formed by the mixing of atomic orbitals on the same atom to form equivalent orbitals for bonding.
- 27. The concept where a molecule is represented by two or more structures (resonance structures) that together depict the bonding in the molecule.
- 28. The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
- 29. A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, leading to the formation of positively and negatively charged ions.
- 30. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory, used to predict the geometry of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs.
Down
- 1. A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
- 2. The radius of an atom's ion in a crystal lattice, differing for cations and anions.
- 3. The energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion.
- 4. A three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or ions in a crystalline solid.
- 6. The outermost electrons of an atom, which are involved in forming chemical bonds.
- 8. The number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms.
- 10. The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
- 11. A covalent bond where the electrons are not shared equally, leading to partial charges.
- 13. The process by which atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals with equivalent energy and shape.
- 15. The distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond, which results in partial positive and negative charges.
- 16. The average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.
- 17. The attractive force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound.
- 18. A pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom and are found in the outermost electron shell.
- 19. Atoms combine by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons to achieve a stable octet in their valence shells.
- 21. The energy required to break one mole of bonds in a gaseous substance.
- 22. The energy required to break the bond between two covalently bonded atoms.
- 24. A weak bond between a hydrogen atom, which is covalently bonded to a more electronegative atom, and another electronegative atom.