ChemicalOceanography

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Across
  1. 1. another name for the water cycle
  2. 2. The process of cells moving materials from low to high concentration.Takes energy because it goes against the flow of diffusion.
  3. 4. chemical reactions that occur in sea water
  4. 5. a process by which substances move across the cell membrane but do not require energy from the cell
  5. 6. solution in which the molecules of one substance are evenly dispersed among the molecules of another substance
  6. 10. There is no osmotic pressure in either direction.
  7. 11. when water is removed back out of the ocean, it leaves the minerals behind. The minerals make sea water salty.
  8. 14. compound that contains carbon and is associated with living things
  9. 21. combination of two or more substances
  10. 22. nonpolar substance
  11. 26. colorless, odorless, tasteless, and in large amounts kills uncounted thousands of people every year
  12. 27. liquid water stored in lakes, rivers, streams, and oceans is heated and forms water vapor
  13. 29. Shells
  14. 31. solute made up of dissolved substance(salt) and solvent the dissolver (water)
  15. 33. A solution high in OH- ions is considered to be alkaline (7-14)
  16. 35. water is necessary for
  17. 38. water in form of rain, snow, sleet, hail etc. fall from clouds
  18. 39. a layer in the ocean where the temperature rapidly decreases with depth
  19. 41. precipitation infiltrates the soil/rocks and is stored in the ground
  20. 42. when it rains on land, some of the water dissolves minerals, like salt, in rocks. That water flows in rivers to the sea. It carries the minerals with it.
  21. 43. water molecule shape
  22. 44. the continuous flow of elements and compounds between organisms and the Earth
  23. 45. water vapor in the atmosphere attaches to particles in the atmosphere like dust and condenses to form liquid water droplets
  24. 46. Each water molecule is composed of two hydrogens and one oxygen atom
  25. 50. water
  26. 52. molecule that has no separation of charge, no positive or negative poles are formed
  27. 54. this substance
  28. 55. attraction of molecules of SAME substance
  29. 57. because so many substances dissolve in water, it is known as
  30. 58. made up of salts, dissolved gases, and organic molecules
  31. 59. make up over 85% of the ocean's salt and is the most common and abundant sea salt
  32. 60. having a higher salt concentration and the water will diffuse into the cells
  33. 61. the tendency for a liquid, gas, or solute to flow from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
  34. 64. pulls apart/dissociates salt crystals
  35. 66. mechanisms that protect an animal’s internal environment from harmful fluctuations – the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment
  36. 68. the total quantity or concentration of all dissolved inorganic solids (ions) in seawater
  37. 69. a layer of water in which salinity increases rapidly with depth
Down
  1. 1. form between water molecules because the slightly positive hydrogen end of one water molecule is attracted to the slightly negative oxygen end of another water molecule.
  2. 3. example when water rises in a narrow tube against the force of gravity
  3. 7. as water cools enough to turn from a liquid into solid ice, the hydrogen bonds spread the molecules into a crystal structure that takes up more space than liquid water
  4. 8. without hydrogen bonds, what water would be
  5. 9. ash from eruptions and underwater volcanoes dissolving
  6. 12. attraction of molecules of DIFFERENT substances due to polar nature
  7. 13. water evaporates off of plant leaves and enters the atmosphere
  8. 14. diffusion of water through a semipermeable cell membrane
  9. 15. the way salinity is expressed
  10. 16. components remain distinct and will settle if left alone
  11. 17. specific elements and compounds from the non-living part of the Earth that all organisms require to stay alive
  12. 18. (Deep Sea Vents)cracks allow water to seep into the crust, where it is heated. This hot water dissolves more of the minerals trapped in the rocks
  13. 19. the tendency for a fluid to resist flow
  14. 20. measures the amount of positive hydrogen ions (H+) and negative hydroxide ions (OH-) in a liquid
  15. 23. measures acidity or alkalinity.
  16. 24. a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs
  17. 25. Naturally occurs in all three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas
  18. 28. a layer of water in which the density increases rapidly with depth. Usually corresponds closely to the halocline and thermocline
  19. 30. present in greater amount
  20. 32. living things must obtain materials from their environment and this is how living cells obtain materials/nutrients that they need
  21. 34. having a lower salt concentration than the surrounding water
  22. 36. marine organisms that have their
  23. 37. how cohesion is achieved. A skin-like surface formed due to the polar nature of water
  24. 40. precipitation that is not absorbed into the ground flows into rivers, lakes, streams, and the ocean
  25. 47. organisms that can adapt to changes in salinity of the surrounding seawater but maintain constant salinity levels
  26. 48. salinity rise and fall along with the water salinity
  27. 49. salinity of 35 0/100
  28. 51. A solution high in H+ ions is considered (0-7)
  29. 53. left alone and separate
  30. 56. nonpolar and water will never mix
  31. 62. when water concentration inside the cell is the same as the surrounding water outside the
  32. 63. the degree of compactness and consistency of a substance
  33. 65. a slightly negative end and slightly positive end
  34. 67. substance being dissolved