Chemistry

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  1. 8. are the structural units (monomers) that make up proteins. They join together to form short polymer chains called peptides or longer chains called either polypeptides or proteins
  2. 9. a substance made by mixing other substances together.
  3. 11. which the negatively charged electrons orbit a small, positively charged nucleus similar to the planets orbiting the sun (except that the orbits are not planar).
  4. 12. are the building blocks of rocks.
  5. 15. is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
  6. 18. cause (a substance) to be deposited in solid form from a solution.
  7. 21. has electrons surrounded by a volume of positive charge, like negatively-charged "plums" embedded in a positively-charged "pudding"
  8. 23. are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine (I), and astatine.
  9. 24. relating to or denoting chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
  10. 25. becoming liquefied by heat.
  11. 28. is the science of obtaining, processing, and communicating information about the composition and structure of matter.
  12. 33. a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.
  13. 34. able to be dissolved, especially in water.
  14. 36. is any process which requires or absorbs energy from its surroundings, usually in the form of heat.
  15. 38. an expert in chemistry; a person engaged in chemical research or experiments.
  16. 39. is a branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties and reactions of organic compounds, which contain carbon in covalent bonding.
  17. 43. is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.
  18. 44. is a class of physical phenomena that are mediated by magnetic fields.
  19. 45. deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds.
  20. 48. the medieval forerunner of chemistry, based on the supposed transformation of matter. It was concerned particularly with attempts to convert base metals into gold or to find a universal elixir.
  21. 49. a chemical reaction that proceeds more rapidly than it ordinarily would because of the influence of a second and faster reaction in the same system.
  22. 50. is the name given to a horizontal row of the periodic table.
Down
  1. 1. is a chemical reaction that releases energy through light or heat.
  2. 2. is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase.
  3. 3. is a branch of chemistry focused on the application of quantum mechanics in physical models and experiments of chemical systems.
  4. 4. make up a group of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity.
  5. 5. is the artificial execution of useful chemical reactions to obtain one or several products.
  6. 6. is the study of matter, its properties, how and why substances combine or separate to form other substances, and how substances interact with energy.
  7. 7. tend to be associated with the vertical columns on the periodic table
  8. 10. is an element that has properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals.
  9. 13. firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid.
  10. 14. is an element that readily forms positive ions (cations) and has metallic bonds.
  11. 16. denoting a process involving substances in different phases (solid, liquid, or gaseous).
  12. 17. is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that constitutes a chemical element.
  13. 19. is simply an element that does not display the properties of a metal. It is not defined by what it is, but by what it is not.
  14. 20. a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes.
  15. 22. is the sub-field of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, and transformations in the nuclei of atoms, such as nuclear transmutation and nuclear properties.
  16. 26. is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a constant volume independent of pressure.
  17. 27. a coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape.
  18. 29. is the unit of measurement for amount of substance in the International System of Units.
  19. 30. is the study of macroscopic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical dynamics and chemical equilibrium.
  20. 31. the conversion of a vapor or gas to a liquid.
  21. 32. is a pure substance that is made from a single type of atom
  22. 35. is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state.
  23. 37. consisting of parts all of the same kind.
  24. 40. is one of the four fundamental states of matter.
  25. 41. Model was the first atomic model and was developed by John Dalton in the early 19th century.
  26. 42. is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.
  27. 46. are the chemical elements in group 16 of the periodic table.
  28. 47. a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.