Chemistry

3. A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
4. The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.
5. The branch of physical chemistry that deals with the relationships between heat, work, temperature, and energy in chemical processes.
7. A group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.
9. A type of chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
10. A scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.
11. A type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically involving the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

1. A substance, typically a liquid, that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution; water is the most common solvent.
2. A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons, influencing the type of bond formed.
6. The part of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between the substances involved in chemical reactions.
8. An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electric charge.