Across
- 2. nuclear charge the net positive charge experienced by the valence electrons from the nucleus.
- 5. shell the outer-most energy level of an electron.
- 7. exclusion principle - when an orbital holds two electrons, the electrons much have opposite spin.
- 8. any smaller part of an atom such as a proton, neutron, or electron.
- 13. a physical, conceptual, or mathematical representation of a real phenomenon whose purpose is to explain and predict the observed phenomenon.
- 15. the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
- 16. a negatively charged ion.
- 18. a positively charged ion.
- 19. a tiny particle with a negative charge that is found outside the nucleus of an atom.
- 20. atomic mass a weighted average of all of the isotopes of that element in the universe.
- 22. number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Down
- 1. the ability of an atom to attract additional electrons.
- 3. state an atom, ion or molecule with an electron in a higher than normal energy level than its ground state.
- 4. state the lowest energy state within electron orbitals.
- 6. rule When placing electrons in equal energy orbitals, electrons should not be paired until each equal energy orbital contains one electron.
- 9. a region of space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found.
- 10. electrons electrons on the outer-most energy level of any atom.
- 11. a specific amount of energy that can be absorbed by an electron as it moves from ground state to excited state, or released by an electron as it falls from the excited state back to ground state.
- 12. sublevel a smaller part within a primary energy level.
- 14. radius the distance from the atom's nucleus to the outermost energy level.
- 15. an atom with a positive or negative charge.
- 17. energy the amount of energy required to remove one valence electron from an atom.
- 21. configuration the order in which electrons are arranged in an atom.