Across
- 4. - A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution.
- 6. - A substance that accepts protons (H⁺ ions) or donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in a chemical reaction.
- 7. - A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest unit of a chemical compound.
- 9. - A measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond.
- 12. - The substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
- 14. - A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
- 16. - A substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
- 17. - The speed at which a chemical reaction occurs.
- 18. - The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost electron shell.
- 21. - The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced equation.
- 24. - A substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.
- 25. - A substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water, conducting electricity.
- 26. - A substance that donates protons (H⁺ ions) in a chemical reaction.
- 28. - A covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms.
- 29. - A substance that undergoes a chemical change in a reaction.
- 30. - The branch of chemistry that studies the heat changes that occur during chemical reactions.
Down
- 1. - A measure of the concentration of a solution, defined as moles of solute per liter of solution.
- 2. - The force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound.
- 3. - The substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
- 5. - Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.
- 8. - A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
- 10. - The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus and electrons.
- 11. - A type of chemical bond where electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating ions.
- 13. - A type of chemical bond where atoms share electrons.
- 15. - A tabular arrangement of elements based on their atomic number and chemical properties.
- 19. - Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different mass numbers.
- 20. - An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a charged particle.
- 22. - A pure substance consisting entirely of one type of atom.
- 23. - A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally between the two atoms.
- 27. - The energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in its gaseous state.