chemistry key words

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Across
  1. 2. atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses.
  2. 5. Metals highly reactive and found in Group 1 of the periodic table, with one valence electron.
  3. 6. Number the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines the element's identity.
  4. 7. Energy the energy required to remove an electron from an atom; it typically increases across a period due to greater nuclear charge.
  5. 9. Number the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
  6. 11. Affinity the energy change when an electron is added to a neutral atom; it usually becomes more negative across a period.
  7. 12. Radius changes when it forms ions; cations are smaller than their neutral atoms, while anions are larger.
  8. 14. generally poor conductors and are located on the right side of the periodic table, often gaining electrons in reactions.
  9. 15. Metals found in the d-block of the periodic table and are known for their ability to form various oxidation states.
  10. 16. found in Group 17 and are highly reactive nonmetals with seven valence electrons.
  11. 18. a negatively charged ion formed by the gain of one or more electrons, commonly seen in nonmetals.
  12. 20. Electrons the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom and determine its chemical properties.
  13. 21. typically good conductors of heat and electricity and are found on the left side and middle of the periodic table.
Down
  1. 1. have properties of both metals and nonmetals and are found along the zig-zag line on the periodic table.
  2. 3. Law states that the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
  3. 4. Radius generally increases down a group due to the addition of electron shells.
  4. 8. Mass the weighted average mass of an element's isotopes, reflecting both the abundance and mass of each isotope.
  5. 10. a vertical column in the periodic table, where elements share similar chemical properties.
  6. 11. a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a bond; it increases across a period and decreases down a group.
  7. 13. a positively charged ion formed by the loss of one or more electrons, typically seen in metals.
  8. 17. Gases located in Group 18 and are known for their lack of reactivity due to having a full valence shell.
  9. 19. a horizontal row in the periodic table, where atomic numbers increase from left to right.