Across
- 4. a symbolic representation of a molecule or compound, using element symbols and numerical subscripts to show the exact types and numbers of atoms present
- 9. a chemical process where two or more substances (elements or compounds) join together to form a single new product
- 11. the mass in grams of one mole of a substance
- 16. the large number placed in front of a chemical formula in a balanced equation
- 17. neutral substances formed when positively charged ions (cations, usually metals) and negatively charged ions (anions, usually nonmetals) are held together
- 20. a positively charged ion
- 22. measures the efficiency of a reaction by comparing the actual amount of product obtained (actual yield) to the maximum possible amount (theoretical yield)
- 24. substance left over after a chemical reaction stops because the other reactant is completely consumed
- 27. a standard unit in chemistry used to measure the amount of a substance, representing a massive, fixed quantity of particles
- 29. the space (volume) occupied by one mole of a substance (element or compound) at a specific temperature and pressure
- 30. the amount of product actually produced and collected from a chemical reaction, measured in a lab
- 31. the method for calculating the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction using a balanced equation
- 32. the six chemical elements comprising Group 2 of the periodic table
- 34. a chemical element in the d-block of the periodic table (groups 3 to 12)
- 35. chemical elements located on the upper right side of the periodic table (plus hydrogen) that lack characteristic metallic properties
- 36. a representation of a chemical reaction where the number of atoms for each element is identical on both the reactant (left) and product (right) sides
- 44. a measure of an atom's size
- 45. a chemical reaction where one element takes the place of another element within a compound
- 46. the six highly reactive metallic elements in Group 1 of the periodic table
- 47. a simple comparison (ratio) of the coefficients of two substances in a balanced chemical equation
- 48. an ion consisting of exactly one atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge
- 49. a chemical process where two ionic compounds in an aqueous solution exchange ions to form two new compounds
- 50. a reaction between a hydrocarbon or an element and oxygen that forms carbon dioxide and water
- 51. the electrons located in the outermost electron shell (valence shell) of an atom
Down
- 1. the lowest whole-number ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound
- 2. a chemical expression that shows the exact number and types of atoms present in a single molecule of a compound
- 3. the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a chemical compound
- 5. chemical elements found on the left side and center of the periodic table, characterized by their high electrical/thermal conductivity, luster, malleability, and ductility
- 6. a list of elements ordered from most to least reactive, arranged by their ability to lose electrons (oxidize) and undergo single-replacement reactions
- 7. the reactant in a chemical reaction that is completely consumed
- 8. a negatively charged ion
- 10. a substance formed when two or more nonmetal atoms share electrons
- 12. the chemical elements comprising Group 18 of the periodic table
- 13. the fundamental constant representing the exact number of particles in a mole
- 14. the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron
- 15. a chemical link formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically occurring when a metal transfers valence electrons to a nonmetal
- 18. ions present in an aqueous solution that do not participate in a chemical reaction
- 19. a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction
- 21. a reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products
- 23. a chemical rule of thumb stating that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable configuration of eight valence electrons, similar to a noble gas
- 25. a group of two or more atoms covalently bonded together that behave as a single unit and carry an overall positive or negative charge
- 26. states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
- 28. six highly reactive nonmetal elements in Group 17 of the periodic table
- 33. an atom or molecule with a net electric charge, formed when a neutral atom gains or loses electrons
- 34. the maximum amount of product that can be created in a chemical reaction, assuming 100% efficiency and no loss of material
- 37. the smallest unit of a substance that retains its chemical properties, acting as the building block for that substance
- 38. a chemical element with physical and chemical properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals
- 39. a type of chemical bond formed when two atoms—typically nonmetals—share one or more pairs of valence electrons to achieve stability
- 40. a chemical substance composed of exactly two different elements combined in a fixed ratio
- 41. a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed or permanently changed in the process
- 42. a chemical property measuring an atom's ability to attract and hold shared electrons within a covalent bond
- 43. a chemical substance composed of exactly two atoms—either of the same or different elements—bonded together